US Marine Corps - The Black Vault

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Planning for Paring the ~apanese Toenaih 491 JAPANESE ORGANIZATION FOR DEFENSE OF BISMARCK BARRIER I EIGHTH AREA I I IMPERIAL GENERAL HEADQUARTERS Army Chain of Command 1 I Naval Chain of Command I I COMBINED FLEET I I SOUTHEASTERN FLEET KUSAKA, RABAUL ARMY COMMANDS 17th ARMY AT NEW BRITAIN NEW GUINEA SHORTLANDS I r I I I MADANG ARMY 8th FLEET llth AIR FLEET AIR OIVISION 6th DIVISION MI KAWA KUSAKA BOUGAINVILLEA SHORTLANDS RABAU L I 1 1 I 1 I ARMY SOUTHEASTERN DETACHMENT New Georgia Sasaki 8th COMBINED SN LF New Georgia Ota 7th COMBINED SNLF Santa Isabel 1 BASE FORCES It would appear that the United States forces had a real command advan- tage in seeking to break through to the Bismarck Barrier over the Japanese seeking to defend its approaches, since one military officer, General Mac- Arthur, who was actually in the area of operations, had over-all strategic control, and could time the movements of his subordinates in the two-pronged offensive. The Japanese commanders, being on the strategic defensive, naturally had to react individually depending on the time and place they were attacked. But there was no Japanese area commander whose primary duty included the concentration of reserve forces prior to attack, and shifting these forces as the enemy attack developed. JAPANESE DEFENSE PREPARATIONS The New Georgia Group lay on the direct route from Guadalcanal to Rabaul, and had two good air bases, so the Japanese assigned to this group about 70 percent of their defensive troop strength available in the Central
4$)2 Amphibians Came To Conqtier Solomons. Their Navy sent the 7th Special Naval Landing Force (the Marines of the Japanese Navy) to Kolombangara and the 6th Special Naval Landing Force to New Georgia. Together these units formed the 8th Com- bined Special Naval Landing Force of about 4,OOOmen. These naval fighting units were gradually reinforced with Army troops of the Southeastern Army until the total strength in the New Georgia Group reached 10,500, about half of whom were on New Georgia Island. The Japanese also had the 7th Combined Special Naval Landing Force of about 3,OOOmen on Santa Isabel Island and 2,OOOmore on Choiseul in the Central Solomons. There also were about 10,000 Japanese Army troops in the Northern Solomons. The Japanese had lookout stations scattered along the coasts of the islands of the New Georgia Group. Defensively, they had major subordinate commands and troops at Munda Point and Kolombangara, and minor troop units at Viru Harbor in southwest New Georgia, along eastern Vangunu Island opposite Wickham Anchorage and on Rendova Island. In trying to defend everywhere, there was some splintering of the forces available. The Japanese made it possible for Task Force 31 of the South Pacific Force to render ineffective a sizable proportion of the total Japanese defensive troop strength, by containing, scattering or capturing these various outpost contingents, which served no useful defensive purpose insofar as Munda and Vila air- fields were concerned. A professional post-war estimate based on available Japanese documents is that the Japanese had about 25,000 troops in all of the Solomons in June 1943 with larger contingents in both the Bismarck Archipelago (43,000) and in eastern New Guinea (55,000) .13 Presumably these allocations of troop strength roughly indicated how the Japanese evaluated the degree of danger to each area, and their own desires to retain them. Just as the United States in the earlier days of the war did not know where the next enemy amphibious offensive might be headed or assault landed, the Japanese did not know where our offensive was headed nor where the assault stepping stones might be picked. With the Japanese in the middle Solomons, the immediate problem was whether United States eyes were lighting on the New Georgia Group of islands or on Santa Isabel, which the CINCPAC planners had favored. Santa Isabel contained the highly usable seaplane base at Rekata Bay, where unfortunately Rear Admiral mJohn Miller, CARTWHEEL: Tbe Reduction of Rab.ul, Vol. VIII of subseries Tbe W~r in & Pacific in Series UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR 11 (Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, 1959), p. 47.
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The Amphibians Came to Conquer Volu
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80-G-227738 Rear Admiral Richmond K
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Library of Congress Catalog Card No
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Acknowledgements During the nine ye
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in connection with which they were
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Illustrations and Charts (Illustrat
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Page New Georgia Island, Onaiavisi
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Page “Every Man a Lookout''______
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Amphibians Came To Corzquer work. H
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Amphibians Came To Conquer the righ
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Arnphibzavs Cawe To Conquef progres
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CHAPTER I The First Thirty Years of
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The FirJt Thirty Years 3 moved to O
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The First Thirty Years 5 February 1
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The First Thirty Years Ricbrnond Ke
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The First Thirty Years 9 was one of
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12 Amphibians Came To Conq~er Warre
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14 Amphibians Came To Conquer PLEBE
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16 Amphibians Came To Conquer Meriw
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18 Amphibians Came To Conquer Howev
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20 Anzphibtans Came To Conquer Comm
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22 Antpbjbza?ls cunze To Conquer Oh
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24 Amphibian-r Came To Conquer The
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26 Amphibians Came To Conqzer The 1
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28 Amphibians Came To Conquer usual
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30 Amphibians Came To Conqzzer 50-c
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32 Ampbibia~s Came To Conquer Calif
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34 Amphibians Came To Conquer Ensig
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36 Amphibians Canze To Coirqtier an
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38 Amphibians Came To Conquer sign,
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40 Amphibians Came To Conqner destr
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42 Am~bibians Came To Conquer PROMO
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44 Amphibians Came To Conquer Ensig
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46 Amphibians Came To Conqner it. B
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4a Amphibians Came To Conquer Surge
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CHAPTER H Ten Years of Big Ship Gun
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Ten Years of Big Ship Gtirznery 53
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Ten Years of Big SbZp Gunnevy 35 ye
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Ten Years of Big Ship Gunnery 57 Th
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Ten Years of Big Ship Gunne~y 59 Vi
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Ten Years of Big Ship Gunnery 61 pa
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Ten Ye~rs of Big Ship Gunnery 63 E.
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Ten Years of Big Ship Gwmery 65 NAV
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Ten Years of Big Ship Gunnery 67 no
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Ten Years of Big ship G.wmevy 69 Co
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Tevr Years of Big SbZp Gannery 71 R
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Ten Years of Big Ship Gunnery 73 Th
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Ten Years of Big Ship Gunnery 75 Sa
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Ten Years of Big Ship Gunnery 77 sh
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Teri Yems of Big Ship Gunnery 79 As
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Ten Years of Big Ship Guunery 81 Wh
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Ten Years oj Big Ship Gunnery 83 Or
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Ten Yea-s of Big Ship Gunnery Kelly
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88 Amphibians Cane To Conqzier ment
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90 Amphibians Came To Covquev conti
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92 Amphibians Came To Conquev W. A.
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94 Anzpbibians Came To Conquer In t
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96 Amphibians Came To Conquer vicin
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98 AnzPbibians Came To Conquer Comm
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100 Amphibians Came To Conquer Asia
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102 Amphibians Came To Conquer rece
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104 Ampbibiatzs Came To Conquer int
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106 Amphibians Came To Conqaet’ m
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108 Amphibians Came To Conquer tage
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110 Amphibians Came To Conqaer duri
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112 Anzpbibians Came To Conquer on
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114 Amphibians Came To Co~quer b. P
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116 Amphibians Came To Conquer The
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118 Amphibians Came To Conquer Anot
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120 Amphibians Came To Conquer THE
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122 Amphibians Came To Conquer and
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124 Amphibians Came To Conquer the
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126 Amphibians Came To Conquer in l
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128 Amphibians Came To Conquer Join
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130 Amphibians Came To Conquer Trus
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132 Ampbibi&ns Cdme To Conqrzer Fro
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134 Amphibians Came To Conquer HIGH
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136 Amphibians Came To Conquer been
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138 Amphibians Came To Conquer boy
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140 Amphibians Came To Conquev None
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142 Amphibians Came To Conquer of t
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144 Amphibians Came To Conquer by t
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150 Anzpbibians question but many b
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CHAPTER V Planning for War With Ger
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Planniug for War, 1940-1941 155 of
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Planning for War, 1940-1941 157 and
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Planning for War, 1940-1 941 159 in
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Planning for War, 1940-1941 161 By
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Planning for War, 1940-1941 163 a d
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Piannzng fo~ War, 1940-1941 165 pla
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Planning for lVar, 1940-1941 167 Wa
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Planning for War, 1940-1 941 169 to
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Planning for War, 1940-1941 171 tra
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Pianning for War, 1940-1941 173 tud
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Planning for War, 1940-1941 175 Tur
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He urged Piann2ng for War, 1940-194
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Planning for War, 1940-1941 179
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Planning for War, 1940-1941 181 opi
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P[anning for War, 1940-1941 183 for
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Planning for War, 1940-1941 185 Amb
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Planning for War, 1940-1941 187 For
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Pianning for War, 1940-1941 189 the
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Planning for War, 1940-1941 191 The
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Planning for War, 1940-1 941 193 St
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Planning for War, 1940-1 941 195 of
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PIanning for War, 1940-1941 197 I h
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Planning for War, 1940-1 941 199 pr
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202 Amphibians Came To Co~quer pedi
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204 Amphibians Came To Conquer It i
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206 Amphibians Came To Conquer appr
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208 Atnpbibians Came To Conquer Tur
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210 Amphibians Came To Conquer 6. T
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212 Amphibians Came To Co~quer As l
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216 Arnpbibians Came To Conquer tig
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218 Ampbibi&ns Came To Conquer grou
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220 ArnPbibians Came To Conquer The
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222 Arn@ibians Carrie To Conqner PA
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224 Azv~hibians Came To Conquet In
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226 Atn~hibians Came To Conquer Pan
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CHAPTER VII WATCHTOWER; One for Ern
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WATCHTOWER
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WATCHTOWER 233 The Army Air Force H
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WATCHTOWER 235 The secret document
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20° NORTH EQUATOR CANTON~l 10” S
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WATCHTOWER 239 and General Marshall
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WATCHTOWER 241 the New Hebrides or
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WATCHTOWER 243 a. the geography and
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WATCHTOWER 245 My 062352 [Februar~]
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WATCHTOWER 247 month away from even
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WATCHTOWER 249 Becauseof the conseq
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\ WATCHTOWER 251 DISTANCES-APPROXIM
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WATCHTOWER 253 preparation for laun
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WATCHTOWER 255 at Bougainvillea in
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lVATCiYTOWER 257 —Hawaii-Alaska l
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WATCHTOWER 259 Army and Navy forces
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. Tulagi c. Adjacent positions. WAT
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WATCHTOWER 263 These rear admirals
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WATCHTOWER 265 listing them and all
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WATCHTOWER 267 Lieutenant Commander
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WATCHTOWER 269 phibious groups or f
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4, wATCHTOWER 271 Captain James H.
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WATCHTOWER operations should take p
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WATCHTOWER 275 The day previous, 16
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CHAPTER VIII CACTUS Bound THE JAPAN
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CACTUS Bound 279 Fleet Admiral Nirn
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CACTUS Bound ORGANIZATION OF PERMAN
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CACTUS Bou?hi 283 3rd Marine Barrag
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CACTUS Bound 285 CINCPAC directed t
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CACTUS Bound 287 our heavy bomber f
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CACTUS Bound 289 NH 67107 Rear Admi
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L I z K
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He thus made the follows: LAND AND
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CACTUS Bound 295 machines, directed
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CACTUS Bound 297 Convoy 4120 leavin
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CACTUS Bound 299 TurnerCollection O
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CACTUS Bound 301 several hundred mi
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CACTUS Boand 303 Task 1 (WATCHTOWER
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CACTUS Bound 305 question that Vice
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CACTUS Bound 307 continuing logisti
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CACTUS Bound 309 Beach condition pr
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CACTUS Bound 311 with debarking pro
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CACTUS Bound 313 Another letter fro
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CACTUS Bound 315 No navigational si
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CACTUS Bound 317 already in the Sou
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Success, Then WHERE ARE CHAPTER IX
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Success, Then Clijf Hanging 321 tip
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Success, Then Cliff Hanging 323 400
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Success, Then Ciiff Hanging 325 Gua
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Success, Then Ciiff Hanging 327 Jap
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Success, Then Ciiff Hanging 329 FIR
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Success, Then Cliff Hanging 331 ‘
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Success, Then Ciiff Hanging 333 Amp
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NORTH Success, Then Cliff Hanging 3
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Success, Then Cliff Hanging 337 One
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Snccess, Then Ciiff Hanging 339 ‘
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Success, Then Cliff Hanging 341 but
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Success, Then Cliff Hanging 343 tow
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Success, Then Cliff Hangi~g 345 Unf
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Success, Then C[iff Hanging 347 Jap
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Success, Then Cliff Hanging 349 .,.
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Success, Then Cliff Hanging 351 to
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Success, Then C~iff Hanging 353 BEA
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356 159940( !AST SCALE F; { 0 MILES
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358 Amphibians Came To Conquer Admi
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360 Amphibians Came To Conqner and
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362 Avlpbibians Came To Conquer At
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364 Amphibians Carrie To Conquer Mc
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366 A?npbibians Carve To Conquey Vi
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368 Amphibians Came To Conqtier did
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370 Anzpbibians Came To Conquer wit
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372 Amphibians Came To Conquer of a
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374 Amphibians Came To Conqzzer 102
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376 Amphibians Came To Conquer .$bi
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378 Amphibians Came To Conquer shou
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380 Amphibians Came To Conquer Two
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382 Amphibians Came To Conquer batt
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38Lf Am@ibians Came To Conquer (C)
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386 Azvpbibiuns Cunze To Conquer Tu
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388 Am@ibians Came To Conquer At 12
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390 Arnphibiarzs Came To Conqner NO
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392 Amphibians Came To Conquer Supp
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396 Amphibians Came To Conqner THE
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398 Amphibians Came To Conq~er Admi
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400 Amphibians Came To Conquer 9, 1
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402 Amphibians Came To Conquer reco
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404 Amphibians Came To Conquer It w
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406 Amphibians Came To Conquer mand
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408 Amphibians Came To Conquer McCa
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410 Amphibians Came To Conq~er cali
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412 Amphibians Came To Conquer inte
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414 Amphibians Canze To Conquer It
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416 Arn@ibians Came To Conquer PAC
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418 Amphibians Came To Conqaer %3 +
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420 Amphibians Came To Conqaer when
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422 Ampbibia?zs Cdtne To Conquer co
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424 Amphibians Canze To Conquer vid
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426 Amphibians Came To Conquer ante
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428 Amphibians Came To Cozquer a 42
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432 Amphibians Came To Conqzer COMP
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434 AmPbibiatzs Came To Conquer ope
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436 Amphibians Canze To Conquer
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438 Amphibians Came To Conquer to r
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Page 512 and 513: CHAPTER XIV Planning for Paring the
Page 514 and 515: planning for paring the japanese To
Page 516 and 517: Planning for Paring the ~apanese To
Page 520 and 521: Pianning for Paring the ~apanese To
Page 524 and 525: Poiisbing Skills in the Russells 49
Page 526 and 527: Pianning for parirag the ~apanese T
Page 528 and 529: Planning jot’ Paring the ~apanese
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Page 534 and 535: Planning for Paring the Japanese To
Page 536 and 537: Pbning for paring the !apanese Toen
Page 538 and 539: P/arming for Paring the Japanese To
Page 542 and 543: Pianning for Paring the Japanese To
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Page 552 and 553: planning for Paring the Japanese To
Page 554 and 555: Planning for Paring the /apanese To
Page 556 and 557: Pianning for paring the Japanese To
Page 558 and 559: Planning jor Paring the Japanese To
Page 562 and 563: Piaw.?ing fo~ Paring the ]a~unese T
Page 564 and 565: CHAPTER XV Tough Toenails Paring 30
Page 566 and 567: Tough Toenads Paring 535 Vice Admir
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Tough Toenails Paring 541 So again
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NOR TH 1 Tough Toenads Paring 543 0
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Tough Toenails Paring 545 Our recon
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Tough Toenads Paring 547 canal to R
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Tough Toenails Paring 549 got under
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Tough Toenails Paring 551 Rendova b
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Tongb Toenaiis Paring 553 JAPANESE
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Tough Toenails Paring 355 The plane
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Totigb Toenads Paring 557 The McCaw
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Tough Toenails Paring 559 THE END O
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Tough Toenaih Paring 561 By turning
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Tough Toenails Paring 563 Rear Admi
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Tough Toenads Paring 565 (4) 4tA Ec
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Tough Toenails Paring 567 seen, Com
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Tough Toenaiis Paring 569 two miles
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Tough Toenaiis Paring 571 ship’s
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““’”Au o Toizgb Toenails Pa
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Tough Toenaiis Paring 575 The McKea
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Tough Toenails Paring 577 0145 on 3
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TougA Toenails Pafing 579 By 3 July
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Tough Toenai[s Paring 581 destroyer
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Tozgb Toenaih Paring aground. . . .
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Tongb Toenails Paring 585 but “ov
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Tough Toenails Paring 587 Recommend
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Tongb Toenads Paring 589 this numbe
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To~gh Toenails Paring 591 about the
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Tough Toenails Paring 593 where the
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Tough Toenails Paring 595 Vice Admi
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