Concrete Plant + Precast Technology Betonwerk ... - BFT International

54. BetonTage Kongressunterlagen |
4
units that mostly serve up to several hundred inhabitants.
Correspondingly, novel sanitary systems are mainly being
discussed as distributed integrated solutions. Despite this
notion, these systems should not be restricted to the distributed
approach as they may also be implemented as
central systems in countries without existing supply and
disposal infrastructures and in cities with a high population
growth and new housing developments.
Due to the principle of fl ow separation applied already
at the household level, the implementation of novel sanitary
systems is closely linked to the installation of building
services. Depending on the selected design, the system at
least requires double lines for water supply (potable water,
domestic water) and waste water disposal (grey water and
black water). Other possible solutions are vacuum systems
(to achieve water savings) or an additional fl ow separation
step (yellow water, Fig. 2). These features need to be
incorporated at the building level both by appropriate
building service routes and by an appropriate design of
sanitary facilities (toilets). The associated specifi cations
need to be included already in the development plan and
must be considered by the architects. This means that
technical designers of water supply and disposal systems
should cooperate with urban planners and architects early
on.
Impediments to the design and construction of novel
sanitary systems include, on the one hand, the existing
lines that prevent any fl ow separation at household level
and, on the other, legal obstacles such as a compulsory
connection to central infrastructural systems and uncertainties
as to the re-use of the products recovered. In addition,
roles and responsibilities for the operation, maintenance
and monitoring of distributed systems need to be
assigned in a clear manner. Certifi cation systems such as
those used for small waste water treatment plants could
contribute to achieving this goal.
BFT 02/2010
Urine Diversion 3-Material -Flow -System
Minimum Water
Quality Standard 1)
Minimum Water Utilization Place/
Quality Standard Source
1) Source
service water
No Mixtoilet
urinal
1) higher water quality possible for usage
2) makes sense only for kitchen wastewater
bio waste
•Material Flow and
Transport Treatment Product
rainwater
rainwater phase separation
storage
drinking water
treated rainwater
white /drinking water
kitchen
washing machine
bathroom
pipe
pipe
brownwater
pipe, vehicle, by hand
Yello Yellow water / urine
pipe, vehicle
greywater
pipe
low loaded greywater
pipe
hygienisation
storage
stabilisation
hygienisation
Nährstoffgew .
phase separation
red. micro -pollutants
storage
C-elimination
hygienisation
P-elimination 2)
P-elimination 2)
phase separation
stabilisation
- - - - optional
rainwater
Podium 12
treated rainwater
org. plant nutrients
biogas
treated wastewater
vegetable biomass
min.-org . Pfl.nährstoff
treated wastewater
service water
white water
sludge
vegetable biomass
Source : [DWA, 2008]
tere Auftrennung der Stoff ströme (Gelbwasser, Abb. 2) in
Frage kommen. Dies muss dann bereits auf Gebäudeebene
sowohl in der Leitungsführung als auch bei den sanitären
Einrichtungen (Toiletten) berücksichtigt werden.
Entsprechende Vorgaben sind bereits im Bebauungsplan
zu verankern und müssen von den Architekten berücksichtigt
werden. Planer der Wasserver- und Entsorgung
sollten somit frühzeitig mit Stadtplanern und Architekten
kooperieren.
Hemmnisse für die Planung und Implementierung
von NASS liegen zum einen in den existierenden Leitungen,
die eine Stoff stromtrennung auf Haushaltsebene
verhindern, zum anderen bestehen rechtliche Hemmnisse,
z. B. ein Anschlusszwang an zentrale Infrastrukturen
sowie Unklarheiten bezüglich der Verwertung der
gewonnenen Produkte etc. Des Weiteren sind Zuständigkeiten
für Betrieb, Wartung und Überwachung für dezentrale
Anlagen klar zu regeln. Zertifi zierungssysteme,
ähnlich wie dies für Kleinkläranlagen üblich ist, könnten
einen Beitrag hierzu liefern.
References/Literatur
DWA (2008): Themenband Neuartige Sanitärsysteme. Herausgeber:
Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall
e.V., Hennef
Fig. 2 Urine separation threecomponent
fl ow system
(footnotes in the fi gure refer
to the original reference:
DWA, 2008).
Abb. 2 Urintrennung 3- Stoff -
stromsystem ((Fußnoten in
der Abb. beziehen sich auf die
Originalquelle DWA, 2008).
189