Aircraft Operations. Volume II - Construction of Visual and Instrument ...

I-4-3-4 Procedures — Aircraft Operations — Volume II
a) offset entry from Sector 2 shall limit the time on the 30° offset track to 1 min 30 s. After this time the pilot
should turn to a heading parallel to the outbound track for the remainder of the outbound time. If the outbound
time is only 1 min, the time on the 30° offset track shall be 1 min also; and
b) parallel entry shall not return directly to the facility without first intercepting the inbound track (when
proceeding onto the final approach segment).
3.4.4.2 Restricted entry
Where necessary to conserve airspace (or for other reasons), entry may be restricted to specific routes. When so
restricted, the entry route(s) shall be specified in the procedure. Examples of restricted entries are shown in
Appendix C.
23/11/06
3.4.5 Outbound time
3.4.5.1 The duration of the outbound flight of a racetrack procedure may be 1 to 3 minutes (specified in 1/2 min
increments) to allow increased descent. This time may vary according to aircraft categories (see Tables I-4-1-1 and
I-4-1-2 of Section 4, Chapter 1 in order to reduce the overall length of the protected area in cases where airspace is
critical (see 3.4.5.2, “Timings for different categories of aircraft”). If airspace is critical and extension beyond 1 minute
is not possible, the descent may involve more than one orbit in the racetrack according to descent/time relationship
specified in 3.7 (Table I-4-3-1).
3.4.5.2 Timings for different categories of aircraft
Where different timings are specified for different categories of aircraft, separate procedures shall be published.
3.4.6 Limitation of length of outbound track
The length of the outbound track of a racetrack procedure may be limited by specifying a DME distance or a
radial/bearing from a suitably located facility (see 3.6.6, “Use of DME or intersecting radial/bearing”).
3.5 INITIAL APPROACH SEGMENT USING A REVERSAL PROCEDURE
3.5.1 General
Reversal procedures are used to establish the aircraft inbound on an intermediate or final approach track at the desired
altitude. There are two types of reversal procedure: procedure turns and base turns. Both of these consist of an
outbound track followed by a turning manoeuvre which reverses direction onto the inbound track. Reversal procedures
are used when:
a) the initial approach is initiated from a facility (or fix in the case of a procedure turn) that is located on or near
the aerodrome; or
b) a turn of more than 70° would be required at the IF, and a radial, bearing, radar vector, DR track, or DME
information is not available to assist in leading the turn on to the intermediate track; or