Aircraft Operations. Volume II - Construction of Visual and Instrument ...

II-4-1-4 Procedures — Aircraft Operations — Volume II
1.3.2.3 Outbound distance
The specified DME outbound distance should be expressed in terms of distance equivalent to at least one minute of
flight time at the selected true air speed (TAS). When this is done, make certain that:
a) at least 30 seconds will be available on the inbound track after completion of the inbound turn; and that
b) slant range is taken into account.
1.3.2.4 Limiting radial
In the case of holding away from the station, if the distance from the holding fix to the VOR/DME station is so short
that there is no chance of even the most adverse outbound track or Sector 2 entry track intersecting the limiting DME
distance, a limiting radial shall be specified. A limiting radial may also be specified where airspace conservation is
essential.
Note.— The limiting radial shall be a radial from the VOR/DME on which the holding is based. (See 4.4.)
1.3.3.1 General
23/11/06
1.3.3 Indicated airspeed
1.3.3.1.1 Areas should be calculated and drawn to accommodate the fastest aircraft category. The indicated
airspeeds shown in Table II-4-1-2 should be used in calculating holding areas.
1.3.3.1.2 Although the area based on the slow speed (i.e. 165 km/h (90 kt)) aircraft in strong winds may in some
places be larger than the area constructed in this manner, the normal operational adjustments made by the pilots of such
aircraft should keep the aircraft within the area.
1.3.3.1.3 For conversion from indicated airspeeds to true airspeeds, see temperature considerations in 1.3.7,
“Temperature” and Appendix A to this chapter.
Note.— The speeds given in Table II-4-1-2 are converted and rounded to the nearest multiple of five for operational
reasons and from the standpoint of operational safety are considered to be equivalent.
1.3.3.2 Airspeeds
The speeds upon which the holding area is based should be published.
1.3.3.3 Entry speeds under limited position fixing capabilities
Where position fixing capabilities preceding the holding fix are limited, the competent authority should consider
planning holding areas to accommodate initial entry speeds greater than prescribed.