Aircraft Operations. Volume II - Construction of Visual and Instrument ...

III-2-1-4 Procedures — Aircraft Operations — Volume II
a) an initial roll-in at the flyover point; followed by
b) a straight 30° intercept course with the next leg;
c) a roll-out at the new course; and
d) a 10-second delay to account for bank establishing time.
1.4.1.2 Model of the flyover turn. In order to model the flyover turn procedure, its length is divided into five
segments, L1 through L5 (see Figure III-2-1-7). The total length of the procedure is the sum of the five segments.
23/11/06
L1 = r1 × sin θ
L2 = r1× cos θ ×tanα
L3 = r1 (1/sin α –2cosθ/sin (90° - α))
L4 = r2 tan (α/2)
L5 = c × V/3600
L5 = 5V/3600 (for Cat H)
where: α= 30 degree intercept course with the next leg;
θ = turn angle;
c = 10 second bank establishment time;
r1 = roll-in radius; and
r2 = roll-out radius.
In the above equations,
if distances and turn radii are in NM, V is in kt;
if distances and turn radii are in km, V is in km/h.
1.4.1.3 Bank angle of flyover turn. For course changes equal to or less than 50°, the bank angle of both the roll-in
and the roll-out are considered to be half of the course change. For course changes of more than 50°, the bank angle
equals:
a) 15°, 20° or 25° according to the phases of flight for the roll-in (r1); and
b) 15° for the roll-out (r2).
For Category H aircraft, the minimum turn angle to be considered is 30º, the provision for course changes equal to or
less than 50º does not apply.
1.4.2 Fly-by waypoint
1.4.2.1 Model of the fly-by turn. The model for calculating minimum stabilization distance for the fly-by waypoint
is designed in a fashion similar to the flyover waypoint, as shown in Figure III-2-1-8. The model consists of a level turn
with a constant radius r. The total length of the segment is the sum of L1 and L2, where:
L1 is the distance between the waypoint and the start of the turn.