Aircraft Operations. Volume II - Construction of Visual and Instrument ...

Chapter 1
HOLDING CRITERIA
Note 1.— Guidance on parameters relating to holding areas for supersonic transport (SST) aircraft is contained in
the “Statement of Operational Requirements” in ICAO Circular 126.
Note 2.— The criteria contained in this part are related to right turns holding patterns. If no operational
considerations prevail, right turns holding patterns should be established. For left turns holding patterns, the
corresponding entry and holding procedures are symmetrical with respect to the inbound holding track.
1.1 SHAPE AND TERMINOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH HOLDING PATTERN
The shape and terminology associated with the holding pattern are given in Figure II-4-1-1.
1.2 ENTRY AND HOLDING PROCEDURES
The construction of a holding pattern shall be based on the following entry and holding procedures.
1.2.1 Entry procedures
Note.— Variations of the basic procedure to meet local conditions may be authorized by States after appropriate
consultation with operators concerned.
1.2.1.1 Entry sectors
1.2.1.1.1 The entry into the holding pattern shall be according to heading, as it relates to the three entry sectors
shown in Figure II-4-1-2. There is a zone of flexibility of 5° on either side of the sector boundaries.
1.2.1.1.2 In the case of holding on VOR intersections or VOR/DME fixes, entries will be limited to the radials.
The criteria also provide for the protection of entries along DME arcs, but these should only be designed if there is a
specific operational difficulty which makes the use of other entry procedures impossible.
1.2.1.2 Sector 1 procedure (parallel entry)
a) Overhead the fix, the aircraft is turned onto an outbound heading (to a track parallel to the inbound track) for
the appropriate period of time or distance; then
b) turned left onto the holding side to intercept the inbound track or to return to the fix.
II-4-1-1 23/11/06