Aircraft Operations. Volume II - Construction of Visual and Instrument ...

Chapter 7
HOLDING PROCEDURES
7.1 GENERAL
7.1.1 This chapter contains the criteria for RNAV holding procedures. Aircraft equipped with RNAV systems
have the flexibility to hold on tracks which are defined by the RNAV equipment and to use procedures which are less
rigid than those used in conventional holdings. The benefits of using this technique include the optimum utilization of
airspace with regard to the siting and alignment of holding areas as well as, under certain circumstances, a reduction of
holding area airspace.
7.1.2 Flight management systems are normally controlled through a navigation database.
7.1.3 Location and number of holding patterns. To avoid congestion only one holding pattern should be
established for each procedure. The normal location would be at one of the IAFs. RNAV holding waypoints shall be
located so that they are referenced to and verifiable from specified radio navigation facilities. The holding waypoint
(MAHF) is a fly-over waypoint.
7.2 TYPES OF RNAV HOLDING FOR VOR/DME, DME/DME AND
GNSS PROCEDURES
7.2.1 The following three types of RNAV holding may be established:
a) one waypoint RNAV holding;
b) two waypoint RNAV holding; and
c) area holding.
The criteria contained in Part I, Section 4, Chapter 3, Appendix C for conventional holding using an outbound leg
defined by distance apply as modified by the criteria listed under each holding type.
7.2.2 One waypoint RNAV holding
(See Figure III-3-7-1 a))
a) It is assumed that the RNAV system is able to compensate for the effect of a wind coming from the outside of
the outbound turn by a reduction of the bank angle.
b) The length of the outbound leg of the holding pattern is at least equal to one diameter of turn.
c) It is assumed that the RNAV system is able to correct the drift on straight segments.
III-3-7-1 23/11/06