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N. D a t e s h i d z e (Tbilisi)
Affixoids’ Word Formation Means in Terminology
1. Scientific and technical language, on various stages of its historical development,
always tried to create terms, which would exactly describe the meaning
of the notion. Just the necessity of exact coincidence between the term and
the notion activated in the language the process of landing, which is one of the
ways of enriching a lexical stock. The trend of scientific language, directed towards
internationalization, even more facilitated creation of common terms for
various languages – the so-called internationalisms. Terms of foreign origin are
confirmed in a lot of languages. In the result of their morphological division
their stems, derivation affixes, having identical functional-semantic loading could
be marked out. In special literature they are generally called term-elements. A
term-element can be of pure affix origin, like –ad (brig-ade), -ex (refl-ex,
compl-ex), -od (coth-ode, electr-ode), -ose (visc-ose, nitr-ose)… , also the stem
of fully meaningful word, which is the constituent component of a compound
word: micro-phone, motor-cade, etc. Term-elements are extensively used for
formation of terms, so their special study is one of the topical issues.
2. Affixoids come from Greek-Latin languages and root themselves in
modern language in the form of structural elements. They reoccur in compound
words with one and the same meaning and approach to affixes by their function,
creating certain terminological forms.
Significant part of affixoids in the source language was independent,
meaningful words. Genetically they still relate to the relevant Greek and Latin
stems and maintain the same semantics, which they had in the language of their
origin: nouns: logos – word, gramma- record; adjectives: micros – small; themos
– warm; prefixes: para - near; outside, outer; hipo – beneath, under; anti –
instead, against, etc. While becoming terms, they lose the function of the parts
of speech, turn into elements of compound words and obtain special terminological
meaning.
3. Affixoids have significant function in scientific language. They define
semantic transparency and motivatedness. Poly-semousness of words existing in
literary language, which represents one of the means of enriching a lexical
stock, breaks one-sided relation between a term and a notion in terminology, its
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