5 r. a b a S i a (Tbilisi) bgeraTSesatyvisobis erTi rigisaTvis qarTvelur ...

In comparison with the archaic words, historical words don’t have competing
equivalents-synonyms in the Lezgian language. This can be explained by
the fact that the realities expressed by these terms are also out of time.
To such words we can include some certain amount of terms. These
words being out of usage, still are often used in belles-lettres style to describe
life and culture, pictures and the plots of the historical events as well as the reflection
of the lingual coloration of the past years: serder “head, master”; derviS
“dervish”; Sihi “five-pence”; biger “social duty”; axun “mulla” (priest); vezir
“councilor”.
With the development of the new forms of social relations and change in
social structure, the orientalisms which expressed the names of realities of
ancient forms of governing of the country, became archaic and were transformed
into categories of passively functioning ones. The old judicial, religious and
financial terminology was transformed into the class of archaic words due to the
changes in old establishments, titles and levels. In Lezgian language there are
many Russian words which are not the names of new realities or things but
which pushed away the borrowings from oriental languages. For example: judge
(Arab. Cazi), secretary (Arab. Dibir), order (Arab. Shafaq´at), counter-revolutioner
(Turk. Aksinq´ilabCi), list (Pers. sijah), slave (Pers. Muzdur), minister
(Pers. Vezir), merchant (Pers. Bezirgan), hotel (Pers. Muhmanhana), army
(Turk. quSut), doctor (Arab. hakim, tiebib), law (Aarab. qanun), state (Turk.
paCadnG), holiday (Arab. m‘hduT, ruxsarT), seal (Pers. m‘h‘T), examination
(Arab. Imtaghan), etc. These couples of words contain oriental borrowings
which had become archaisms and they belong now to the passive layer of words
in Lezgian, i.e. the words familiar to the Lezgian-speaking people, but which
are not used by them in their every-day speech. They can be found in the literary
works to emphasize the speech, to create special coloration of a high style
poetic speech.
After the end of the Caucasian war (1859), since the second half of the
XIX century, the history of Russian-Daghestanian relations faces a new stage,
most effective. This stage is characterized by noticeable development of trade,
agriculture, handicrafts in Daghestan. The constructing of roads and later, railways
in Daghestan had certain significance for economic and cultural develop-
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