5 r. a b a S i a (Tbilisi) bgeraTSesatyvisobis erTi rigisaTvis qarTvelur ...

veness for the sentence structure and correlation with the features of other parts
of speech.
From the functional and grammatical point of view the participle expresses
its relations with other parts of the sentence, like the adjective, the noun and
the verb; this fact as well explains the wide specter of its syntactical functions,
possibilities and grammatical changes. Polyfunctionalism, trinitive nature and
specifics of the participle works both in morphological-syntactical and functional-grammatical
aspects.
There are such main features of the participle as 1) the same lexical meaning
and participation in the verbal paradigm; 2) the ability to express different
time and aspects; 3) verbal categories: transitiveness / intransitiveness; negation
/ affirmation; category of analogy, repeated action; causative; 4) unchangeable
verbal regulation; 5) functioning as the predicate in the compound sentence of
special type.
The peculiar features of the adjective include: 1) expressing the quality of
the subject (adjectival meaning); 2) the same changes in adjectival type, taking
special substantivizing suffixes-flections –di (sg.), -bur (pl); 3) the equality of
syntactical functions. The closeness between the adjective and the participle can
be also seen in the ability of the participle to adjectivize and substantivize. The
existence of the substantivized forms supposes its closeness with the noun,
which is employed in transfiction of the syntactical position of the noun.
The negative meaning is expressed synthetically (by means of prefixes
and suffixes) and analytically (by means of prefixation or suffixation of the auxiliary-verbal
part). The same verbal meaning of negation can be in the same time
expressed both synthetically (for example, by means of prefixation: te- fei
“not gone”) and analytically (by means of prefigiration: fin t-avur “not gone”).
The oldest way of negation is prefixation which is not already productive as the
means of word-formation.
The participle plays a great creative role in the formation of so called secondary
or conjunctive converbs or taxis forms, which along with the main lexical
meaning of process and different relations of time coordination (previous or
simultaneous actions) of the main verb, have also additional meanings of adverbial
modifiers (of time, manner, cause, etc.). Expressing additional actions characterizing
main action, they form a big syntactical perspective by forming unu-
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