5 r. a b a S i a (Tbilisi) bgeraTSesatyvisobis erTi rigisaTvis qarTvelur ...
5 r. a b a S i a (Tbilisi) bgeraTSesatyvisobis erTi rigisaTvis qarTvelur ...
5 r. a b a S i a (Tbilisi) bgeraTSesatyvisobis erTi rigisaTvis qarTvelur ...
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formation (immediate or immediate information) we can point out the following<br />
basic meanings of the category of evidentuality in Akhvakh language: «direct<br />
attestation» (the speaker confirms the reality of proposition on the basic that he<br />
was the direct witness of the described situation) and «indirect attestation». The<br />
last consists of «logic conclusion» or (the speakers saying is based not on the<br />
direct observe, but on the logic conclusion) inferentially (which is also called «<br />
quatative» or « the second hand information», the speaker makes conclusion on<br />
the basic of the information from another source). Perfect forms – the basic means<br />
of decoding evidential information – have the meaning of indirect witness.<br />
Among forms which reflects past tense (provisional reference to the past),<br />
two systems are opposed: preterit and perfect.<br />
Preterit forms:<br />
Preterit<br />
hear<br />
ari<br />
Plusquamperfect<br />
heyehe bik…ari<br />
Imperfect<br />
hecyere bik…ari<br />
Habutalis-in-the-past<br />
heyidabe bik…ari<br />
Future sentetic in the past heyidas<br />
yidas´e bik…ari<br />
Future analitical in the past heyirul‡as<br />
as´e bik…ari<br />
Prospective in past<br />
heyihe bik…ari<br />
Intentional in past heyurul‡al<br />
alÀ´<br />
À´iƒe e bik…ari<br />
Perfect forms:<br />
Perfect heyehe godi<br />
Absent plusquamperfect<br />
heyehe biyehe godi<br />
Absent imperfect hechehe bik…ari godi<br />
Absent habutalis in the past heyida<br />
dabe<br />
bik…ari<br />
godi<br />
Absent future sentetic in past heyida<br />
das´e bik…ari<br />
godi<br />
Absent future analitical in past heyurul<br />
rul‡as´e bik…ari<br />
godi<br />
Absent prospective in past heyehe<br />
bik…ari<br />
godi<br />
Absent intentional in past heyuru<br />
rul‡alÀˆiƒe bik…ari<br />
godi<br />
Preterit as less morphologically marked form is opposed to perfect, which<br />
is made from preterit verbal adverb with the help of auxiliary verb godi<br />
di. The<br />
other perfect forms differ from preterit forms by the fact that their top is not preterit<br />
but perfect of the auxiliary verb bik…ari<br />
ari.<br />
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