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S. A s l a n o v a, Z. E f e n d i e v a (Makhachkala)
Certain Word-Formation Peculiarities of the
Lezgian Bookish Vocabulary
The creation of Lezgian stylistics is considered to be one of tangible tasks
of the Lezghin study. The given report, carried out in the channel of the
investigations, aimed at the realization of this task, is devoted to the
determination of the word-formation peculiarities of bookish words in Lezgian.
Our analysis shows, that the most productive type of word -formation of
this stylistic layer is borrowing. cf.: jaxdiz ‘on foot’ – fijada
/ Iran., хъел
‘anger’ – ажугъ /Turk., мубарак ‘congratulation’ – тебрик /Arab.,
гьакъикъат ‘reality’ – агьвалат / Arab., тафават ‘difference’ – фаркь /
Arab., ичIи ‘empty’ – буш / Turk., etc.
The formation of a good number of bookish words in modern Lezgian is
characterized by a special mechanism , consisting in a) the new borrowings
from Russian, coreferential with the earlier borrowings from the Arabic, Iranian
and Turkish languages, b) their occupation of the position of the dominant in
the synonymic rows formed, c) the transference of the earlier borrowings to the
periphery of the rows and their acquisition of the bookish or bookish-elevated
colouring [Gjulmagomedov 1991and others]. cf. the following examples:
культура – меденият; корреспондент – мухбир; карандаш – къелем;
история – тарих; идея – мана-метлеб; столица – меркез; точка – нукьтIа;
вождь – регьбер; литература – эдебият; печать – муьгьуьр; политика –
сиясат; памятник – гуьмбет; группа – десте, etc.
According to our observations, the word-building of the stylistic layer
under study is also going on as the result of the use of internal resources. Thus,
another specific type of word-formation of Lezgian bookish words is to some
extent suffixation. In particular, productivity is being shown by the suffix - вал.
cf.: in the synonymic pairs of the type яр ’redness’ – ярувал; зарб ’quickness ’
– зарбвал; мичIи ’darkness’– мичIивал; бахт ’happiness ’ – бахтлувал;
инсаф ’humanity’ – инсафвал; инкар ’denial ’ – инкарвал, etc. the
derivative synonyms differ with their more abstract semantics and the stylistic
colour of bookishness.
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