An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century - California Ocean ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

PART IXMOVING AHEAD:IMPLEMENTING A NEWNATIONAL OCEAN POLICYCHAPTER 30FUNDING NEEDS AND POSSIBLE SOURCES ......................................................458CHAPTER 31SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................472
Page 3 and 4:
FINAL REPORTAN OCEAN BLUEPRINTFOR T
Page 5:
THE UNITED STATES IS AN OCEAN NATIO
Page 10 and 11:
Page 2—The Presidentocean educati
Page 12 and 13:
Page 2—The Honorable William H. F
Page 14 and 15:
Page 2—The Honorable J. Dennis Ha
Page 16 and 17:
SCIENCE ADVISORY PANELDonald F. Boe
Page 18 and 19:
COMMISSION STAFFThomas KitsosExecut
Page 20 and 21:
Robert Richmond, Robert Ross, Amy S
Page 22 and 23:
CHAPTER 3SETTING THE NATION’S SIG
Page 24 and 25:
PART IVLIVING ON THE EDGE: ECONOMIC
Page 26 and 27:
Periodic Review and Modification...
Page 28 and 29:
Expanding Research and Education ..
Page 30 and 31:
CHAPTER 26ACHIEVING A SUSTAINED, IN
Page 32 and 33:
Index to the Recommendations ......
Page 34 and 35:
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLESFigure 1.
Page 36 and 37:
LIST OF BOXESBox 1.1 Defining Coast
Page 38 and 39:
PHOTOGRAPH IDENTIFICATIONAND CREDIT
Page 40 and 41:
The Value of the Oceans and CoastsA
Page 42 and 43:
The message from both experts and t
Page 44 and 45:
Guiding PrinciplesThe Commission be
Page 46 and 47:
appropriate national policies, and
Page 48 and 49:
Based on an improved understanding
Page 50 and 51:
Figure ES.5 Many Different Platform
Page 52 and 53:
Figure ES.6 U.S. Students Fall Behi
Page 54 and 55:
ciated with coastal population and
Page 56 and 57:
To ensure good coordination, the In
Page 58 and 59:
liferation of federal and state pro
Page 60 and 61:
Preserving Coral Reefs and Other Co
Page 62 and 63:
pation of all ocean-related federal
Page 64:
also produce revenues in time, and
Page 68 and 69:
CHAPTER 1RECOGNIZING OCEAN ASSETSAN
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 1.2 The Value of the CoastsJ
Page 72 and 73:
Box 1.1 Defining Coastal AreasThe c
Page 74 and 75:
Figure 1.4 The Shift from Goods to
Page 76 and 77:
Box 1.2 The “Fourth Seacoast”
Page 78 and 79:
chemicals tend to bind to particles
Page 80 and 81:
coastal watershed counties grew by
Page 82 and 83:
One of the most immediate phenomena
Page 84 and 85:
30 Fleming, L.E., et al. “The Epi
Page 86 and 87:
CHAPTER 2UNDERSTANDING THE PASTTO S
Page 88 and 89:
ments. The Navy’s ocean data hold
Page 90 and 91:
The legislation was prompted by the
Page 92 and 93:
The architects of ocean-related pro
Page 94 and 95:
Congress on ocean and coastal issue
Page 96 and 97:
Figure 2.1 Invited Panelists Repres
Page 98 and 99:
CHAPTER 3SETTING THE NATION’S SIG
Page 100 and 101:
USCOP File PhotoThe Commission’s
Page 102 and 103:
Figure 3.1 Large Marine Ecosystems
Page 104 and 105:
damage is also high, managers shoul
Page 106 and 107:
Figure 3.2 The Foundations of a New
Page 108 and 109:
PRIMER ON OCEAN JURISDICTIONS:DRAWI
Page 110 and 111:
The Territorial Sea (0 to 12 Nautic
Page 113 and 114:
PART 2BLUEPRINT FOR CHANGE:A NEW NA
Page 115 and 116:
Government agencies work on these a
Page 117 and 118:
Recommendation 4-1Congress should e
Page 119 and 120:
• reach out to state, territorial
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 4.2 Proposed Structure for C
Page 123 and 124:
References1 National Research Counc
Page 125 and 126:
significant initiative by federal a
Page 127 and 128:
The California Bay-Delta Authority
Page 129 and 130:
Box 5.2 Nature and Functions of Reg
Page 131 and 132:
Box 5.3 Moving Toward Improved Fede
Page 133 and 134:
data collection efforts are essenti
Page 136 and 137:
CHAPTER 6COORDINATING MANAGEMENTIN
Page 138 and 139:
nisms for managing new ocean uses.
Page 140 and 141:
sure that disputes are resolved and
Page 142 and 143:
Reserve System, which is made up of
Page 144:
Regional and Local StakeholdersPart
Page 147 and 148:
Reviewing Previous Reorganization P
Page 149 and 150:
Box 7.1 Improving Ocean and Coastal
Page 151 and 152:
Box 7.2 Federal Ocean and Coastal A
Page 153 and 154:
Box 7.3 Historical Precedent for Pr
Page 155 and 156:
Table 7.1 (continued) Thirty Years
Page 159 and 160:
PART 3OCEAN STEWARDSHIP:THE IMPORTA
Page 161 and 162:
Ocean StewardshipTo successfully ad
Page 163 and 164:
Therefore, the interaction and invo
Page 165 and 166:
NOPP’s Ocean Research Advisory Pa
Page 167 and 168:
Recommendation 8-4Ocean.ED should d
Page 169 and 170:
Figure 8.2 U.S. Students Fall Behin
Page 171 and 172:
Bridging the Gap between Scientists
Page 173 and 174:
Recommendation 8-8Ocean.ED, working
Page 175 and 176:
creativity that has expanded our un
Page 177 and 178:
Recommendation 8-11Ocean.ED should
Page 179 and 180:
Recommendation 8-14The National Sci
Page 181 and 182:
Box 8.5 What Is Informal Education?
Page 183 and 184:
to reach desired outcomes. While fe
Page 187 and 188:
PART 4L IVING ON THE E DGE:E CONOMI
Page 189 and 190:
Box 9.1 Coastal Activities Are Big
Page 191 and 192:
state and local decision making, so
Page 193 and 194:
• goals—State coastal managemen
Page 195 and 196:
Other Relevant Federal ProgramsIn a
Page 197 and 198:
forward. An applicant can appeal su
Page 199 and 200:
References1 Culliton, T.J. Populati
Page 201 and 202:
Improving Federal Managementof Haza
Page 203 and 204:
Box 10.2 New Orleans at RiskPrior t
Page 205 and 206:
Dave Gatley/FEMA News PhotoHomes bu
Page 207 and 208:
that develop excellent mitigation p
Page 209 and 210:
tal and human disturbances such as
Page 211 and 212:
PhotolinkCoastal habitats provide e
Page 213 and 214:
Restoration efforts have intensifie
Page 215 and 216:
Box 11.2 A Community Habitat Restor
Page 217 and 218:
Although it has shown some success
Page 219 and 220:
Box 12.1 Sediment: Friend or Foe?Se
Page 221 and 222:
Changing Sediment QualityOver the l
Page 223 and 224:
One of the difficulties in undertak
Page 225 and 226:
Beneficial Uses of Dredged Material
Page 227 and 228:
The National Shoreline Management S
Page 230 and 231:
CHAPTER 13SUPPORTING MARINE COMMERC
Page 232 and 233:
Figure 13.1 Ports Are the Primary G
Page 234 and 235:
Harbors, Channels, and WaterwaysThe
Page 236 and 237:
Recommendation 13-2Congress should
Page 238 and 239:
Recommendation 13-5The U.S. Departm
Page 241 and 242:
PART VC LEAR WATERS A HEAD:C OASTAL
Page 243 and 244:
Figure 14.1 Report Card on Regional
Page 245 and 246:
sources, such as industrial facilit
Page 247 and 248:
meet water quality goals. Decisions
Page 249 and 250:
Animal Feeding OperationsMany anima
Page 251 and 252:
nants over land, into streams and g
Page 253 and 254:
Major Nonpoint SourcesThe majority
Page 255 and 256:
USCOP File PhotoUSCOP File PhotoAs
Page 257 and 258:
Expanding Uses of State Revolving F
Page 259 and 260:
Recommendation 14-11The U.S. Enviro
Page 261 and 262:
assisting in the implementation of
Page 263 and 264:
References1 U.S. Environmental Prot
Page 265 and 266:
Box 15.1 Ocean and Coastal Monitori
Page 267 and 268:
EPA’s Environmental Monitoring an
Page 269 and 270:
local, and municipal governments, w
Page 271 and 272:
System DesignSampling protocols are
Page 273 and 274:
Making Data Accessible and UsefulA
Page 275 and 276:
and 75 percent of cargo ships opera
Page 277 and 278:
Although many flag states take thei
Page 279 and 280:
Reducing Vessel PollutionStrengthen
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Voluntary actions can provide a use
Page 285 and 286:
Figure 16.2 The Oil Pollution Act C
Page 287 and 288:
developing new regulatory and non-r
Page 289 and 290:
25 Ibid.26 Center for Environmental
Page 291 and 292:
Box 17.1 What Is an Invasive Specie
Page 293 and 294:
Figure 17.2 Addressing Aquatic Inva
Page 295 and 296:
Global Trade in Marine OrganismsHum
Page 297 and 298:
Recommendation 17-4The National Oce
Page 299 and 300:
tant for ballast water, coordinated
Page 301 and 302:
10 U.S. General Accounting Office.
Page 303 and 304:
each in the entire world. 3 A study
Page 305 and 306:
Research Program), directed by NOAA
Page 307 and 308:
established simply on the basis of
Page 309:
References1 U.S. Department of Comm
Page 312 and 313:
CHAPTER 19ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLEFISH
Page 314 and 315:
Figure 19.1 Fishery LitigationGrows
Page 316 and 317:
While determining allowable biologi
Page 318 and 319:
Although the Secretary of Commerce
Page 320 and 321:
platforms to expand the scope of da
Page 322 and 323:
Figure 19.3 Migratory Fish RequireC
Page 324 and 325:
majority of RFMC members, may tend
Page 326 and 327:
entrants to a fishery. However, the
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
NOAA Photo LibraryEnforcement Partn
Page 332 and 333:
The cost of VMS for fishing vessel
Page 334 and 335:
Ecosystem-based management will als
Page 336 and 337:
Recommendation 19-21The National Ma
Page 338 and 339:
• Major government subsidies aime
Page 340 and 341:
oad regions of the seas, the existi
Page 342:
References1 U.S. Commission on Mari
Page 345 and 346:
fishing line because they are not a
Page 347 and 348:
Reviewing Authorities and Responsib
Page 349 and 350:
The division of endangered species
Page 351 and 352:
PhotolinkHumans love to observe mar
Page 353 and 354:
Although not always caused by human
Page 355 and 356:
Box 20.1 Making a Case for Ecosyste
Page 357 and 358:
9 Flint, E. and Swift, K. eds. Seco
Page 359 and 360:
Figure 21.1 Tropical Waters Are Hom
Page 361 and 362:
appear to be exacerbating other cor
Page 363 and 364:
task force are the U.S. Department
Page 365 and 366:
exploitation by strictly regulating
Page 368 and 369:
CHAPTER 22SETTING A COURSE FORSUSTA
Page 370 and 371:
which are widespread in European sa
Page 372 and 373:
cies, and provides recommendations
Page 374:
Promoting International Improvement
Page 377 and 378:
tissues of fish and shellfish. When
Page 379 and 380:
Box 23.1 Special Focus on Microbial
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Figure 23.1 Harmful Algal Blooms on
Page 385 and 386:
waters used for drinking and public
Page 387 and 388:
The FDA is responsible for ensuring
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
over control of offshore waters. On
Page 393 and 394:
Figure 24.1 Offshore Oil and Gas Le
Page 395 and 396:
Trends in Domestic Offshore Oil and
Page 397 and 398:
Table 24.1 Federal Revenues from Of
Page 399 and 400:
State Involvement in OCS Oil and Ga
Page 401 and 402:
Figure 24.3 Oil Inputs to theNorth
Page 403 and 404:
The estimated amount of natural gas
Page 405 and 406:
Box 24.3 A Mighty Wind Blows in Cap
Page 407 and 408:
commercial recovery, including offs
Page 411 and 412:
PART VIIS CIENCE- BASED D ECISIONS:
Page 413 and 414:
hydrologic, and atmospheric systems
Page 415 and 416:
down about one-half of the highly-r
Page 417 and 418:
ocean temperature can put the healt
Page 419 and 420:
Natural Hazards• basic understand
Page 421 and 422:
ating valuable information, includi
Page 423 and 424:
The National Sea Grant College Prog
Page 425 and 426:
The Value of Ocean ExplorationAbout
Page 427 and 428:
Box 25.2 Primary Federal Agencies t
Page 429 and 430:
Recommendation 25-7The Federal Geog
Page 432 and 433:
CHAPTER 26ACHIEVING A SUSTAINED,INT
Page 434 and 435:
An integrated ocean and coastal obs
Page 436 and 437:
nation’s coastal and marine resou
Page 438 and 439:
One obvious application of the obse
Page 440 and 441:
Recommendation 26-5Ocean.US should
Page 442 and 443:
Recommendation 26-7Ocean.US should
Page 444 and 445: Box 26.3 The National Weather Servi
Page 446 and 447: Box 26.4 An Investment with Big Ret
Page 448: Islands, and Palau). Examples of ca
Page 451 and 452: This chapter does not attempt to pr
Page 453 and 454: Furthermore, while some facilities
Page 455 and 456: University of Hawaii Marine CenterT
Page 457 and 458: cost of approximately $5 million; a
Page 459 and 460: communication capabilities are also
Page 461 and 462: A Coast Guard cutter and helicopter
Page 463 and 464: surface temperature measurements, a
Page 465 and 466: References1 Office of Technology As
Page 467 and 468: Box 28.1 Data Management Terminolog
Page 469 and 470: to gather and integrate data from s
Page 471 and 472: Figure 28.2 The Growing Demand for
Page 473 and 474: • coordinate federal agency effor
Page 475 and 476: Recommendation 28-3Ocean.IT should
Page 479 and 480: PART VIIITHE GLOBAL OCEAN:U.S. PART
Page 481 and 482: intergovernmental cooperation, and
Page 483 and 484: the LOS Convention are in the proce
Page 485 and 486: Table 29.1 (continued) U.S. Partici
Page 487 and 488: Meeting International ObligationsAl
Page 489 and 490: Box 29.1 Selected International Bod
Page 491 and 492: International Ocean Science Program
Page 493: Box 29.2 U.S. Involvement in Intern
Page 497 and 498: coastal management: “NOAA should
Page 499 and 500: Table 30.1 (continued) Summary of C
Page 501 and 502: dination among federal agencies (Re
Page 503 and 504: ally over the next five years. Chap
Page 505 and 506: Under the new ocean policy framewor
Page 507 and 508: coastal resource treaty rights. A l
Page 510 and 511: CHAPTER 31SUMMARY OFRECOMMENDATIONS
Page 512 and 513: • creation of regional ocean coun
Page 514 and 515: Office on Ocean Observing (Ocean.US
Page 516 and 517: Environmental Protection AgencyReco
Page 518 and 519: Complete List of Recommendations in
Page 520 and 521: Recommendation 4-6Congress should e
Page 522 and 523: Recommendation 5-6The Council on En
Page 524 and 525: Chapter 8: Promoting Lifelong Ocean
Page 526 and 527: Recommendation 8-10The National Oce
Page 528 and 529: • performance measures—State co
Page 530 and 531: Recommendation 11-2The regional oce
Page 532 and 533: Recommendation 13-3The U.S. Departm
Page 534 and 535: Recommendation 14-7The U.S. Departm
Page 536 and 537: • an overall system design that d
Page 538 and 539: Recommendation 16-14In developing a
Page 540 and 541: Chapter 18: Reducing Marine DebrisR
Page 542 and 543: Recommendation 19-7The Regional Fis
Page 544 and 545:
Page 546 and 547:
Recommendation 19-27The National Oc
Page 548 and 549:
Chapter 21: Preserving Coral Reefs
Page 550 and 551:
Chapter 23: Connecting the Oceans a
Page 552 and 553:
Page 554 and 555:
• establish and maintain a single
Page 556 and 557:
Recommendation 26-12The National Oc
Page 558 and 559:
• coordinate federal agency effor
Page 560:
Recommendation 29-8The United State
Page 565 and 566:
APPENDIX AO CEANS A CT OF 2000
Page 567 and 568:
Section 3. Commission on Ocean Poli
Page 569 and 570:
(H) Recommendations for any modific
Page 571 and 572:
APPENDIX BA CRONYMS A PPEARINGIN TH
Page 573:
MARPOLMEDEAMERHABMERPMLAMMCMMPAMMSM
Page 576 and 577:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYMore than thirty y
Page 578 and 579:
1. INTRODUCTIONAconstant theme in d
Page 580 and 581:
3. TRENDS IN POPULATION AND HOUSING
Page 582 and 583:
ties. From 1970-2000, the number of
Page 584 and 585:
Major conclusions from Table C.5 in
Page 586 and 587:
Figure C.6 Composition of the Priva
Page 588 and 589:
growth in wages and output, while g
Page 590 and 591:
The value of beach recreation Beach
Page 592 and 593:
of freight. Expansions and improvem
Page 594 and 595:
of a network among these and other
Page 596 and 597:
Table C.3 Population in Coastal Tie
Page 598 and 599:
Table C.6 Private Ocean EconomyOcea
Page 600 and 601:
ABOUT THE AUTHOR ANDACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Page 603 and 604:
APPENDIX DG LOSSARY OF F EDERALO CE
Page 605 and 606:
Oceans Act of 2000 ................
Page 607 and 608:
SECTION 2OCEAN AND COASTAL-RELATEDF
Page 609 and 610:
National Invasive Species CouncilNa
Page 611 and 612:
Clean Water ActCongress enacted the
Page 613 and 614:
Farm Bill 1985—Food Security ActT
Page 615 and 616:
National Oceanographic Partnership
Page 617 and 618:
SECTION 4OCEAN AND COASTAL-RELATEDF
Page 619 and 620:
Clean Water Act—Total Maximum Dai
Page 621:
National Park SystemThe National Pa
Page 625:
Proposed Structure for Coordination
Page 628 and 629:
CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES ANDSUBCOMM
Page 630 and 631:
• Subcommittee on Forestry, Conse
Page 633 and 634:
APPENDIX GD ETAILED C OSTS A SSOCIA
Page 635 and 636:
Detailed Costs Associated with Reco
Page 637 and 638:
Page 639 and 640:
Page 641 and 642:
Page 643 and 644:
Page 645 and 646:
I NDEX
Page 647 and 648:
ecosystem-based management,62, 66-6
Page 649 and 650:
Convention on the Conservationand M
Page 651 and 652:
value of oceans, 30-36ecosystem ass
Page 653 and 654:
erosion, 40, 182beaches, 42, 44, 16
Page 655 and 656:
coral ecosystem effects, 44,320, 32
Page 657 and 658:
oil, 236, 246, 362-363science and t
Page 659 and 660:
Magnuson-Stevens FisheryConservatio
Page 661 and 662:
National Ice Center, 402, 424, 430N
Page 663 and 664:
dredging, 181, 183, 185-186,187, 19
Page 665 and 666:
in marine transportation,192-193, 2
Page 667 and 668:
evenues from resources, 33,102-103,
Page 669 and 670:
treaty/treaties (see also agreement
Page 671 and 672:
oceanographic research,49-50, 375,
show all

An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century - California Ocean ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?