An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century - California Ocean ...

Mid–Atlantic, 276, 278, 288mission, 275multispecies plans, 295, 298National Bycatch Strategy, 299New England, 276, 278, 297North Pacific, 278, 285, 288,297, 326peer review programs, 278recommendations, 479scientific and statistical committees,277–278, 280, 479South Atlantic, 288successes, 285training new members,286–287Western Pacific, 285regional ocean councils (proposed)boundaries, 90, 92–94ecosystem assessments, 96,100, 160, 176, 350existing initiatives, 86–87,88–89, 91, 93federal agency coordination,92–93, 157, 160, 350national support and guidelines,87nature and functions, 90–91,102, 103, 106, 222recommendations, 479research and informationneeds, 94–95, 160, 176, 234Reilly, William, 327renewable energy, 33hydropower, 367management regime, 368thermal energy conversiontechnology, 367–368wave or tidal energy technology,366–367wind power, 99, 365–366, 367Reorganization Act of 1949, 115reorganization of federal agencies(see also specific agencies)consolidation of ocean andcoastal programs, 112–115for ecosystem–basedapproach, 108, 115NOAA, 108, 110–112presidential authority,114–115previous proposals, 109–110,116–118repetitive–loss properties,167–168research infrastructure and technology,33 (see also monitoring;national monitoring network)academic community linkages,49, 124, 125, 129, 130,132, 133, 135–136, 137, 139,335, 347airborne ocean science platforms,419, 422–423collaboration to maximizeresources, 281–282, 347–348,414, 418, 419essential components,412–413, 416–425federal commitment to, 50,421funding for, 137, 335, 340,376, 385–386, 418, 420, 424,425, 459gaps in, 413health–related, 339, 340,347–348interdisciplinary, 339, 376,414, 426, 426international cooperation, 380inventory of facilities, 413,414, 415–416laboratories and instrumentation,420land–based facilities, 423–424leadership and coordination,82, 89, 95, 105, 365maintenance and upgrades,425modernization, 137, 416–425monitoring station and buoyarrays, 424national strategy, 414–415Navy role, 49–50, 385, 390ocean exploration platforms,419Ocean ObservatoriesInitiative, 402, 420planning to support oceanactivities, 425periodic review and assessments,415–416permits and licenses, 343review process for grants, 386satellites, 424–425surface vessels, 49, 117,281–282, 416–417, 422–423,452telecommunications, 420–421undersea vessels, 417–418virtual technology centers,426research needsaquaculture, 335, 380basic research, 385biodiversity, 66, 379, 380coastal habitats, 380climate change, 44, 67–68,378–379, 380, 453coral ecosystems, 327–328,377, 380cooperative, 281–282data management, 384economic, 31, 382–384endangered species, 314–316,380energy and mineral resources,365, 381evaluation of programs,128–129, 130fisheries, 40, 280–283, 295,377, 380harmful algal blooms, 344human health–related, 344,345, 346, 347–348, 381interdisciplinary, 341, 343,385invasive species, 255, 262,380marine debris, 380marine mammal behavior, 380marine transportation,199–200, 248–249natural hazards, 381regional ecosystem dynamics,96, 99, 104, 157, 316, 350,379, 381sediment, 381socioeconomic, 377, 379,381–384vessel pollution, 248–249,381water pollution, 381H 22A N O CEAN B LUEPRINT FOR THE 21ST C ENTURY