An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century - California Ocean ...

invasive species, 252–263aquaculture and, 40, 256, 257,258, 261, 331–332, 336in ballast water discharge, 41,253, 254, 255, 256, 257–258,259, 260–261, 345Caulerpa taxifolia, 41, 259climate change and, 253costs of, 252, 259coordination of programs,258, 260–261Crassostrea ariakensis, 261defined, 253detection and response, 177,259–260domestic port–to–port contamination,257education and outreach, 255,258–259European green crab, 41, 253federal and state programs,255–256, 260–261funding for control, 252, 255,256, 258, 259hydrilla, 252, 259impacts, 41, 252–253, 308,345intentional introductions,256, 261international partnerships,261–262legislation, 253–255management, 253–256,260–261monitoring, 260, 262pathways for introduction, 41,253, 254, 256–257, 264prevention, 257–259regional approach, 254, 255research needs, 255, 262, 380trade in marine organismsand, 31, 41, 256, 257, 258IOC (see IntergovernmentalOceanographic Commission)IOOS (see Integrated OceanObserving System)ITQ (see individual transferablequotas)Japan, 274, 301, 340, 409, 413,418Jason II, 418–419jobs (see also employment; workforce)ocean–related, 31, 32, 322,353losses, 40, 41John H. Chafee Coastal BarrierResources System, 155, 156Johnson administration, 50, 53jurisdictionsbaseline, 70and coastal planning andmanagement, 153–154, 155,157contiguous zone, 72, 73continental shelf, 72–73endangered species, 306, 309,310–311energy and mineral resources,49, 70, 71, 72, 352–352, 367exclusive economic zone,30–31, 72, 73, 454fishery, 49, 51–52, 53, 275,283–285, 300high seas, 73, 454inconsistencies and ambiguitiesin laws, 73and land use planning, 152marine mammal and endangeredspecies protectionoffshore energy and mineralresources, 49, 70, 445primer on, 70–73sediment management, 181state, 49, 70–71, 284, 332,334, 352–354territorial sea, 53, 72, 73Kennedy administration, 49, 53,88laboratories and instrumentation,420Lacey Act, 254–255, 324Lake Erie, 206, 344 (see also GreatLakes)Lake Michigan, 34, 183 (see alsoGreat Lakes)Land and Water ConservationFund, 172, 359land use planning, 217, 220–221,395 (see also development)Landsat satellite system, 395, 425,431large marine ecosystems, 63–64,90, 295 (see alsoecosystem–based management)Law of the Sea Convention (seeLOS Convention)lease/leasing, offshore, 382for aquaculture, 101, 332, 334oil and gas, 49, 53, 54, 71,353–357, 359, 366, 369legislation (see also individualstatutes)conservation, 51–52, 54, 63,101coral reef management,323–324, 325–326debris management, 266endangered species, 101,309–310energy and resource minerals,49, 353–354, 360, 366environmental protection, 51,54, 222fishery management, 51–52,54, 275guiding principles, 62, 473invasive species control,253–255presidential reorganizationauthority, 114, 115resource development, 52territorial jurisdiction, 52Leinen, Margaret, 418levees (see flood control)London Convention, 265–266,446LOS Convention, 53, 54, 300,444–445, 390, 446, 451, 454jurisdictional definitions, 70,72, 73Louisiana, 89flood control measures, 165,174, 369habitat restoration, 173,174–175, 369offshore oil and gas production,353, 358vulnerability to natural hazards,164, 165, 168wetlands, 40, 165, 174, 178Loy, James M., 200H 14A N O CEAN B LUEPRINT FOR THE 21ST C ENTURY