Phi-features and the Modular Architecture of - UMR 7023 - CNRS
Phi-features and the Modular Architecture of - UMR 7023 - CNRS
Phi-features and the Modular Architecture of - UMR 7023 - CNRS
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107<br />
These possibilities can be controlled for by overlapping reference, as in *We<br />
saw me/myself. A reflexive is impossible, but a plain pronoun must remain disjoint<br />
(Büring 2005: 9.2-4). The judgments on English strong pronouns are not as robust<br />
as one should like. For French clitics, <strong>the</strong>y are categorical: nei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> reflexive<br />
nor <strong>the</strong> disjoint clitics are possible, ei<strong>the</strong>r in 3 rd person where <strong>the</strong>y are distinguished,<br />
or in 1 st /2 nd persons where <strong>the</strong>y are not (Blanche-Benveniste 1975: 213,<br />
Morin 1978: 347, Kayne 2002: 143-6, Rooryck 2006, Zribi-Hertz 2008). 73 Strong<br />
pronouns allow <strong>the</strong> overlapping reading generally, whe<strong>the</strong>r locatives, focussed datives,<br />
or datives created by PCC repair, as shown in (158) <strong>and</strong> (159).<br />
(158) a. *Vous t' avez chacun donné cinque euros (à TOI)?<br />
b. Vous avez chacun donné cinque euros à TOI / *toi?<br />
you(PL) you(SG).D have each given five euros to you(SG)<br />
(Context: putting money into a common fund for a night out.)<br />
So you(PL) gave each ten euros to YOU/*you(SG)?<br />
Context for TOI: But YOU always lose things!<br />
Context for *toi: But that won't even cover <strong>the</strong> drinks!<br />
(dative outside <strong>the</strong> PCC context)<br />
(159) a. ??C'est que Pierrei et Véroniquej ont dévoués toute leur énergie à luii<br />
pendant DIX ans déjà. C'est le tour de Véronique.<br />
The fact is, Pierrei <strong>and</strong> Véroniquej have devoted all <strong>the</strong>ir energy to<br />
himi for TEN years already. It's Véronique's turn.<br />
(dative outside <strong>the</strong> PCC context; clitic se/lui impossible)<br />
b. C'est que Pierrei et Véroniquej se sont dévoués à luii pendant DIX<br />
ANS déjà. C'est le tour de Véronique.<br />
It's that Pierrei <strong>and</strong> Veroniquei have devoted <strong>the</strong>mselves.A to himi for<br />
TEN YEARS already. It's Véronique's turn.<br />
(dative in <strong>the</strong> PCC context; clitic se/lui impossible)<br />
(160) a. ??Ca fait dix ans déjà que Véronique et toi avez dévoué à toi TOUTE<br />
VOTRE ENERGIE. Il est temps d'en reparler.<br />
It's ten years now that Véronique <strong>and</strong> you(SG) have devoted to<br />
you(SG) ALL YOUR ENERGY. It's time to talk about it again.<br />
(dative outside <strong>the</strong> PCC context; clitic te impossible)<br />
b. Ca fait dix ans déjà que Véronique et toi vous êtes dévoué à toi AVEC<br />
TOUTE VOTRE ENERGIE. Il est temps d'en reparler.<br />
It's ten years now that Véronique <strong>and</strong> you(SG) have devoted yourselves(PL)<br />
to you(SG) WITH ALL YOUR ENERGY. It's time to talk<br />
about it again.<br />
(dative in <strong>the</strong> PCC context; clitic te impossible)<br />
An interesting aspect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se examples is that <strong>the</strong> unavailability <strong>of</strong> a clitic<br />
due to overlapping reference does not by itself render an unfocussed dative pro-<br />
73 So reports <strong>the</strong> literature; most speakers concur. A few permit overlapping reference for collective<br />
readings, as in English: Nous m'avons (*chacun) choisi 'We have (*each) chosen me.A'.
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