Phi-features and the Modular Architecture of - UMR 7023 - CNRS

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of 3 rd person. This is so even if inherent clitics do reflect contentful arguments (incorporated
ones, Espinal 2007). Indeed, there are locutions with inherent se that is
not [+person] and does not trigger the PCC, rarely in French, more commonly in
Catalan and Spanish (section 4.3; Bonet 1991: 193, Albizu 1997a). For the most
part, the syntax of the PCC and its repair does see on inherent se a [+person]
specification with no interpretive counterpart.
Crosslinguistic variation in the PCC indicates that syntactic and interpretive
[+person] specifications may also be divorced when they are interpretable but unnecessary.
In French (390), a 3 rd person pronoun is used in a stylistically marked
way to refer to the addressee, similar to 'impostors' like Madame. Such a 3 rd person
accusative clitic is not [+person] for the PCC, except when reflexive like all
other reflexives. In (390) la freely combines with a dative clitic and does not license
its replacement by a strong pronoun, unlike the reflexive se.
(390) a. Alors, elle prend la tarte?
So, will sheaddressee (elle) take the cake?
(cf. So, will Madam/the young lady take the cake?)
b. Alors, je la leur présente?
*Alors, je la présente à eux?
So, shall I introduce heraddressee (la) to them (leur clitic / *à eux strong).
c. *Alors, elle se leur présente?
Alors, elle se présente à eux?
So, will sheaddressee introduce herself (se) to them (*leur / *à eux)?
(French)
Spanish has gone much farther in grammaticalizing 3 rd person pronouns for polite
reference to the addressee. Correspondingly, in this use its 3 rd person clitics
are prevented from combining with dative clitics by the PCC, as the translations of
la in (389) indicate. The difference with French is the grammaticalization of 3 rd
person for the addressee, and thus of interpretatively facultative [+person].
(391) a. La presentaré a los estudiantes
her.ACC I.will.introduce to the students
I will introduce her/you (polite) to the students.
b. Sei la presentaré (a los estudiantesi)
SE (= 3PL.DAT) her.ACC I.will.introduce to the students
I will introduce her/*you (polite) to them (to the students).
(Spanish non-leísmo system, cf. (392))
Particularly common variation in facultative [+person] specification is found
for 3 rd person pronouns referring to animates/humans. Some Spanish varieties do
not morphologically distinguish animacy in 3 rd person clitics, 3SGF/PLM lo/los,
3SGF/PLF la/las). Their 3 rd person clitics are not affected by the PCC even if referring
to animates, as in French, perhaps with dialectal variation (Ormazabal and
Romero 2009). Others varieties have developed a distinct series of animate 3 rd
person accusatives, particularly for 3SGM animate le vs. inanimate lo, a phe-