Phi-features and the Modular Architecture of - UMR 7023 - CNRS
Phi-features and the Modular Architecture of - UMR 7023 - CNRS
Phi-features and the Modular Architecture of - UMR 7023 - CNRS
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260<br />
(399) a. La tour/ça/Fañch/il se voit facilement / de loin.<br />
<strong>the</strong> tower/it/Fañch/he SE see.3SG easily from afar<br />
med.: The tower/that/Fañch/(?)he can be seen easily / from afar.<br />
refl.: #The tower/#that/Fañch/he sees him/it-self easily / from afar.<br />
b. Je me vois facilement / de loin.<br />
I me see.1SG easily from afar<br />
med.: *I can be seen easily / from afar.<br />
reflexive: I see myself easily / from afar.<br />
(French)<br />
Among <strong>the</strong> constraints on <strong>the</strong> mediopassive is <strong>the</strong> restriction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nominative<br />
to 3 rd person. It is seen in (399)b <strong>and</strong> again in (400), loaded to favourize <strong>the</strong><br />
mediopassive reading in ways discussed below. D'Aless<strong>and</strong>ro (2004) analyses a<br />
similar restriction in Italian medipassives as <strong>the</strong> PCC, <strong>and</strong> Mendikoetxea (2008) in<br />
Spanish; <strong>the</strong> proposal has been resumed in section 5.6. 198<br />
(400) a. On est tes amis. Un ami ne s'invite pas [en PRO lui hurlant dessus]!<br />
We are your friends. One (se) doesn't invite a friend [by PRO shouting<br />
at him].<br />
b. *On est tes amis. On ne s'invite pas [en PRO nous hurlant dessus]!<br />
We are your friends. One (se) doesn't invite us [by PRO shouting at<br />
us!<br />
c. *Je suis ton ami. Je ne m'invite pas [en PRO me hurlant dessus]!<br />
I am your friend. One (se) doesn't invite me [by PRO shouting at me]!<br />
(401) a. (?)Tu verras bien, les Postec, ils s'invitent facilement.<br />
(?)You'll see, <strong>the</strong> Postec family, one (se) invites <strong>the</strong>m easily.<br />
b. *Tu verras bien, nous, on s'invite facilement.<br />
*You'll see, we, one (se) invites us easily.<br />
(French)<br />
However, S<strong>and</strong>feld (1970), Zribi-Hertz (1982) <strong>and</strong> Postal (1989: chapter 5)<br />
show that <strong>the</strong> 1 st /2 nd restriction can be obviated. One way is through an inanimate<br />
speaker/addressee: in counterfactual <strong>and</strong> dream contexts, (402)a, in imaginative<br />
contexts, (402)b, or simply as <strong>the</strong> object <strong>of</strong> transport in (402)c. Ano<strong>the</strong>r is <strong>the</strong> use<br />
<strong>of</strong> 1 st /2 nd person pronouns for 3 rd persons through metonymy (403). Inversely, 3 rd<br />
<strong>and</strong> is obviated as described below. It only disappears once one moves to <strong>the</strong> purely intransitive<br />
(anticausative) <strong>and</strong> or transitive reflexive readings <strong>of</strong> se-constructions.<br />
198 However, D'Aless<strong>and</strong>ro <strong>and</strong> Mendikoetxea are discussing impersonal passives where se/si<br />
remains invariable regardless <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> person <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject, unlike reflexive se/si that varies according<br />
to <strong>the</strong> person <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject, e.g. 3 rd se/si but 1 st me/mi (R. D'Aless<strong>and</strong>ro p.c.). The obviation<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> person restriction in French below must use <strong>the</strong> agreeing reflexive form. For similar<br />
mediopassive restrictions <strong>and</strong> exceptions, see Fried (2004: 634), Medová (2009: 7.5, 9.3) on<br />
Czech, Hualde <strong>and</strong> Ortiz de Urbina (2003: 4.7.4) on Basque, <strong>and</strong> section 5.6 on Finnish.
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