Phi-features and the Modular Architecture of - UMR 7023 - CNRS

. No direct-like version with 3EA→1O agreement.
(Allen and Franz 1983: 305, 313 note 6)
Allen et al. (1990) posit the two constraints in (104) to underlie the distribution
of direct and inverse in Southern Tiwa:
(104) a. The Person Constraint: An R[elational] N[etwork] is ill-formed if it
has a final 1-arc headed by a 3 rd person nominal and a final 2-arc headed
by a 1 st or 2 nd person nominal. [*3.EA + 1/2.O]
b. The Participant Chômeur Ban: An RN in which a 1 st or 2 nd person
nominal heads a Cho arc is ill-formed. [A 1 st /2 nd person cannot be
oblique, such as the ba/INSTR-phrase.]
(Allen et al. 1990: 330)
The combined effect is to require the passive of and restrict it to 3EA→1/2O
combinations, but it is accomplished through two unrelated constraints. The Person
Constraint requires the passive of 3EA→1/2O, making 1/2.O the surface subject
and the EA an oblique. The Participant Chômeur Ban prevents a 1 st /2 nd person EA
from being oblique, barring it for 1/2EA→3O, and for 1/2EA→2/1O , and so restricting
it to 3EA→1/2O. Unlike the Person Constraint, the ban makes no reference to
PH-interaction, only to the phi-features of the EA. A similar analysis is proposed
by Jelinek and Demers (1983, 1994) the similar PH-interaction of Lummi.
Arizona Tewa differs from Southern Tiwa in the following crucial respect: the
constraint on the passive-like structure must also refer to PH-interactions, not just
to the phi-features of the EA. The Arizona Tewa direct in (105)a is like the Southern
Tiwa direct, with bare agreeing EA and O for 1/2EA→3O. The inverse (105)b
resembles Southern Tiwa insofar as the EA is a PP (an oblique), marked by -di
glossed OBL. However, the inverse is used not only for 3EA→1/2O as in Southern
Tiwa, but also for 1/2EA→2/1O, (105)c. Thus there can be no Participant Chômeur
Ban, because 1 st /2 nd person EA can be a di-marked PP, in 1/2EA→2/1O. Nevertheless,
the EA must be prevented from being oblique in 1/2EA→3O, calling for another
constraint that applies in this PH-combination. Thus there end up being two
structures each constrained by PH-interactions: the active-like one for 1/2EA→3O,
when the EA outranks the O, the passive-like one otherwise.
(105) a. Né'i k w iyó dó-tay [1EA→3O, direct]
this woman 1SG→3(Set II)-know
I know this woman.
b. na: sen-e-di / 'u-di dí-k w ek hw E¤7di [3/2EA→1O, inverse]
I man-PL-OBL you-OBL 2/3→1(Set III)-shot
I was shot by the men / by you.
c. ų na:n-di wí-tay [1EA→2O, inverse]
you we-OBL 1→2(Set III)-know
You are known (or recognized) by us.
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