KLÃMA-21 FÃ¼zetek 61. szÃ¡m - VAHAVA HÃ¡lÃ³zat

More documents

Recommendations

Info

„KLÍMA-21” FÜZETEK: KLÍMAVÁLTOZÁS – HATÁSOK – VÁLASZOK 189 The VAHAVA report states that the average global temperature is rising and that the distribution of precipitation in time and space is undergoing a dramatic change, which might cause local floods and elevated ground water table (see the groundwater floods in 2010). Considering that most of the waters in Hungary come from abroad – primarily from the Carpathian Basin – it is necessary for all countries involved to cooperate responsibly in the field of water management. Overall, Hungary meets the EU expectations at the level of the Catchment Management Plan, but this is little solace when it comes to water used for agriculture in the country. FRUIT SECURITY By SOLTÉSZ, MIKLÓS – SZABÓ, ZOLTÁN – NYÉKI, JÓZSEF Keywords: fruit production, security, risk, conditions, tasks. Strategic tasks to improve the security of fruit production in Hungary: 1. Organic and integrated fruit production is becoming more and more competitive globally, with energy and water efficient solutions being increasingly preferred. Therefore the actions directed at improving crop security should also promote the wider adoption of these production methods in Hungary. 2. More than two thirds of all fruit-growing areas are permanently located at the plains. Consequently, the solutions for improving crop security should target the areas of the plains. 3. Identification and utilisation of optimal growing sites is becoming more and more important. Fruit cadastres should be transferred to a new basis. Based on local weather data, the risks of extreme weather having a profound effect on the production of the envisaged fruit species should be identified on the level of individual plots. 4. Decisions on the protection measures and technology to be used to prevent the effects of extreme weather should be taken by the producers at the level of individual plots, taking into account the value of the assets to be protected and the costs of protection measures. 5. Producer organisations, professional and advocacy groups should facilitate the introduction of community-based protection methods wherever necessary and feasible. 6. As a way of protecting the common interests of the society, the government and its bodies should support the improvement of fruit security in the country, with special emphasis on protection from the consequences of extreme weather. In addition to financial support, this should also include legal measures, which should be formulated with regard to the final goal, rather than use stereotyped solutions. It is therefore not expedient to restrict aid to only one method of protection against hail or frost damage. 7. Innovation aimed at increasing crop security should be made a priority and should be encouraged through specific support measures. Only this way will producers have timely access to tools and information required to prevent the consequences of extreme weather or to reduce the loss sustained. 8. The strategic tasks listed above are urgent for preserving competitiveness, as other countries have already paid much attention to improving crop security, and have made serious sacrifices in order to prevent the negative consequences of extreme weather.
190 „KLÍMA-21” FÜZETEK: KLÍMAVÁLTOZÁS – HATÁSOK – VÁLASZOK WEATHER ANOMALIES AND FRUIT PRODUCTION IN THE WESTERN TRANSDANUBIAN REGION By SZENTELEKI, KÁROLY – GAÁL, MÁRTA – MÉZES, ZOLTÁN Keywords: distribution of precipitation, cherry cracking, hail, spring frost. Our research focused on weather phenomena which might have a significant effect on fruit growing in the western part of Hungary. Cracking caused by rain is a critical issue primarily for the producers of cherry and sour cherry. We developed a computer programme which can give a reasonable estimate of the risk of cherry cracking. In their main blooming period in April, fruit trees are especially sensitive to weather anomalies. A significant increase in deviation in the absolute minimum temperature was found in the regions covered by the study. Of these regions, Nagykanizsa had the highest risk of frost in April, but the building of a frost protection system would be advisable in the other regions as well. With respect to hail, the situation is more favourable in the western part of the country than in the eastern part: the monthly distribution of hail varied between stations examined. FORESTS ON THE XERIC LIMIT By MÁTYÁS, CSABA – FÜHRER, ERNŐ – BERKI, IMRE – CSÓKA, GYÖRGY – DRÜSZLER, ÁRON – LAKATOS, FERENC – MÓRICZ, NORBERT – RASZTOVITS, ERVIN – SOMOGYI, ZOLTÁN – VEPERDI, GÁBOR – VIG, PÉTER – GÁLOS, BORBÁLA Keywords: drought frequency, xeric limit, climate sensitivity of tree species. On the xeric (or trailing) limit, weather extremes determine the presence of forests and climate sensitive tree species. It is first of all the increasing frequency of summer droughts which influences the vitality, health and production of forest ecosystems. The paper sums up the results of the last decade of research on the characteristics of climate sensitivity of forests, a sensitivity which has to be actively countered by silvicultural and conservation measures. Summer droughts have been increasing over the last 50 years and the models indicate that this trend will continue, especially in the second half of the 21 st century. The low elevation, low latitude xeric limit is especially important in Hungary, as most important species reach this limit within the country. Stronger summer droughts cause not only the decline of growth but also the increase of insect gradations and the appearance of heavy damages caused by species which were insignificant earlier. Loss of vitality may lead to mass mortality events. When comparing climate zones, there is strong and obvious correlation between organic matter production and climate. The above-ground dendromass responds strongly to the worsening of climate, irrespective of tree species, while the below-ground parts remain unchanged. The carbon content of humus and soil increases toward drier climate.
Page 1 and 2:
"KLÍMA-21" Füzetek KLÍMAVÁLTOZ
Page 3 and 4:
TARTALOM TANULMÁNY Móring Andrea
Page 5 and 6:
4 „KLÍMA-21” FÜZETEK: KLÍMAV
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
10 „KLÍMA-21” FÜZETEK: KLÍMA
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
250 48 „KLÍMA-21” FÜZETEK: KL
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
A MEZŐGAZDASÁGI VÍZGAZDÁLKODÁS
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
A GYÜMÖLCSTERMELÉS BIZTONSÁGA S
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
IDŐJÁRÁSI ANOMÁLIÁK ÉS A NYUG
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
ERDŐK A SZÁRAZSÁGI HATÁRON MÁT
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
A FÁK NÖVEKEDÉSE ÉS A KLÍMA F
Page 101 and 102:
100 „KLÍMA-21” FÜZETEK: KLÍM
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
IDŐJÁRÁSI FLUKTUÁCIÓK HATÁSA
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
A KLÍMAVÁLTOZÁS HATÁSA A KÉTÉ
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140: 138 „KLÍMA-21” FÜZETEK: KLÍM
Page 145 and 146: A KLÍMAVÁLTOZÁS TALAJMŰVELÉSI,
Page 159 and 160: AZ ÉGHAJLATVÁLTOZÁS UTAKRA GYAKO
Page 189: 188 „KLÍMA-21” FÜZETEK: KLÍM
Page 201: SZÁMUNK SZERZŐI Berki Imre, az NY
show all

KLÃMA-21 FÃ¼zetek 61. szÃ¡m - VAHAVA HÃ¡lÃ³zat

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?

KLÃMA-21 FÃ¼zetek 61. szÃ¡m - VAHAVA HÃ¡lÃ³zat