An introductory text-book of logic - Mellone, Sydney - Rare Books at ...

AND THE ARISTOTELIAN SYLLOGISM. 143
We prove a distinction between S and P by pointing
out that P has an attribute M which S has not (in the
moods Camestres or Baroco] ; or that P has not an
attribute M which S has (in the moods Cesare or
festino).
The following is an example of Camestres.
Before the planet Neptune was discovered :
The sun and all the planets belonging to our solar
system must completely determine the orbit of
Uranus ;
The sun and the known planets do not do this ;
. . The sun and the known planets are not the whole of
our solar system.
For Baroco, we may give :
All true theories are self-consistent ;
Some scientific theories are not self-consistent ;
.*. Some scientific theories are not true.
Again :
All moral acts are done from a praiseworthy motive ;
Some acts that are legal are not done from a praise
worthy motive ;
. . Some acts that are legal are not moral.
For Cesare, we give two examples from Aristotle (Ethics,
ii. 4) which are excellent illustrations of the value of figure
ii. in establishing distinctions :
The feelings (7ra07j) are not objects of moral judgment ;
The virtues (aperai) are objects of moral judgment ;
. . The virtues are not feelings.
Again :
The passions are not the result of conscious choice ;
The virtues are the result of conscious choice ;
. . The virtues are not passions.
The following is a good example of Festino :
Forces in Nature, working by strictly mechanical laws,
cannot produce organic beings capable of growth and
reproduction ;
Some forces in Nature have produced such beings ;
.*. Some forces in Nature do not work by strictly mechanical
laws.