An introductory text-book of logic - Mellone, Sydney - Rare Books at ...

62 THE LOGICAL PROPOSITION.
earth s orbit (i.e., nearer to the sun)." The excepted part
of the first proposition becomes the exclusive part of the
second ;
"
except Venus and "
Mercury
becomes
"
Venus and
Mercury alone." Both are analysable into the same pair
of propositions.
(2)
"
Nothing is beautiful except Truth."
( (a) Truth is beautiful (A or I),
} (b) Nothing other than Truth is beautiful.
If in the original statement the excepted part
of the
subject is not distinguished by name from the rest of it,
we may have to sacrifice part of the meaning by expressing
the statement as a pair of I propositions :
(3)
"
All the judges but two condemned the prisoner."
( (a) Some judges
voted for condemnation,
\ (b) Some judges voted for acquittal.
On this point, see below, 4, example 12.
4. We shall now investigate the translation of the
simpler propositions into logical
form. The student
will find the following suggestions of service.
(a) If the true subject of the proposition is not
obvious at a glance, we have to ask, of what is this
statement made, what is being spoken about? The
answer to this question will bring out the logical subject
of the proposition, which is not always the same as the
grammatical subject of the sentence.
(b) Having found the subject, we next ask, what is
stated about it, what is the assertion made of it ? The
answer to this will bring out the logical predicate, and
show whether it is affirmed or denied of the subject.
The verb must be changed, if necessary, so as to admit
of the predication being made by the present tense of
the verb to be.
(c) Then we have to ask whether this predicate is
intended to apply to the whole of the subject, to every
instance of it, or whether the proposition only intends
to commit itself to a statement about
" some
"
only
or