An introductory text-book of logic - Mellone, Sydney - Rare Books at ...

THE CATEGORIES OR PREDICAMENTS. IQI
may say, in other words, that the judgment predicates
some kind of existence or being of its subject. Can
we classify these
"
"
kinds of existence
which can be
predicated in judgments ? This is the question which
Aristotle answers in his theory of the Categories. In
the first place, we want a general term for the subjects of
our judgments. The primary subject of judgment in
other words, that which our knowledge first takes hold
of or attacks is the concrete or real
"
"
thing
ordinary experience. These individual things or groups
of things which meet us perpetually in the course of
experience may
"
primary realities
"
be called
"
of
primary substances," or
Trpwrcu ovo-iai. These are always
subjects, not predicates i.e., they are what
about and form judgments of. We wish,
we think
then, to
classify the modes or forms of being which may be
predicated of them.
Consider the typical case of essential predication
that is to say, Definition. Here the subject
is a
"
primary and the reality," predicate consists of a genus ,
with an added qualification distinguishing the thing, the
subject, from that genus. Let us call the genus a
"
ova-La. A
secondary substance (or reality)," Sevrepa
secondary substance is, therefore, any class, higher or
substance is included. We
lower, in which a primary
have now distinguished two aspects, or two forms, of
the first and most fundamental of the
"
Categories
"
"
substance or ovaia and we note that in ; every case
the primary substance and the secondary substance are
essentially related.
Coming now to the predication of what is "acci
dental," we have to notice that this is possible with
both forms of
"
substance," primary and secondary,
each may have accidental qualifications in it. Aristotle
"