An introductory text-book of logic - Mellone, Sydney - Rare Books at ...

242 THE GENERAL NATURE OF INDUCTION.
war between the Thebans and Phocians was a war be
tween neighbours, and an evil ; hence war between the
Athenians and Thebans will be evil, for it is a war
between neighbours." We have, first, an incomplete
induction :
War between Thebans and Phocians was disastrous ;
This war was one between neighbours ;
Therefore war between neighbours
This brings out the universal which connects the two
is disastrous.
cases, and which is then applied deductively
to the
second case :
War between neighbours is disastrous ;
War between Athenians and Thebans is war between
neighbours ;
Therefore war between Athenians and Thebans is
disastrous.
The principle of this analysis is quite sound ; we form a
universal from the first case and apply it to the second.
The argument from Example may also be arranged
more concisely and not less correctly
enthymeme in fig.
ii. :
as an Aristotelian
This disastrous war (referring to the instance of Athens
and Phocis) is a war between neighbours ;
War between Athens and Thebes is a war between
neighbours ;
Therefore war between Athens and Thebes will
probably
be disastrous.
This would be formally incorrect as a syllogism in fig.
ii., for it has an undistributed middle ; but as an enthy
meme it gives a real probability. In modern Logic such
arguments are called arguments from Analogy. Analogy
is an inference from one instance to another which re
" Two things resemble
sembles it in certain respects :
each other in one or more respects ; a certain proposi-