An introductory text-book of logic - Mellone, Sydney - Rare Books at ...

10 THE GENERAL AIM OF LOGIC.
"categorematic," from the Greek Kcn-nyoptw, I predicate. A
"
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syncategorematic word may become a term in a propo
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sition which makes some statement about its use as a part
" When is an adverb, and sometimes a
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of : speech e.g.)
conjunction also."
The student must remember that there is no separate
existence in thought (no third idea coming between the
subject and predicate) corresponding to the separate exist
ence of the copula in the typical proposition, S is P.
7. Judgments may be combined into reasonings or
inferences. What is an inference? To infer is to
arrive at a truth not directly through experience, but
as a consequence of some truth, or truths already
known ; as when I see a circle of stones, and infer that
they were arranged by human hands ;
or when I believe
that nothing proceeding from a pure moral intention
can be utterly condemned, and that some deviations
from the common rules of morality have proceeded
from this source, and accordingly infer that those de
viations are not to be altogether condemned. J. S. Mill
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defines inference thus : We start from known truths to
arrive at others really distinct from them." The truths
from which we start are the premises, that which we
reach is the conclusion. Both Mill and Whately point
out that the chief work of practical life is concerned
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with drawing inferences
"
in this sense.
Hence we have three main divisions of Logic
on to that of the
I. The doctrine of Terms, leading
"ideas," the element in the Judgment to
which the Term corresponds.
II. The doctrine of the Judgment.
III. The doctrine of Inferential Thought.
8. We have seen that Ideas are not prior to Judg
ments ; for a Judgment is not built up by putting
separate Ideas together. Ideas are distinguishable