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It was founded in 1937 as a “*tower and stockade” settlement
by a group of pioneers from Germany, Austria, and the Baltic
countries who had previously worked at *Kinneret. The
kibbutz, which came under frequent attack during the Arab
riots before World War II, was particularly vulnerable in its
initial years when it was accessible only by boat from Tiberias.
In the *War of Independence (1948), Ein Gev was again
isolated and suffered a severe Syrian air and artillery attack,
which it repulsed. After the armistice it remained exposed to
the Syrian positions on the Golan rim and on land north of it,
which the Syrians held until the *Six-Day War of 1967. Early
in its history the kibbutz developed fishing in Lake Kinneret
as well as tourism. The kibbutz operates a holiday resort, fish
restaurant, and sailing boats. The Ein Gev Music Festival is
held annually during Passover, and a 2,500-seat concert hall
was erected. Farming is intensive, including bananas, dairy,
and ostrich breeding. Near the kibbutz is the archaeological
site of Susita. In 2002 the population of Ein Gev was 521. The
name (“Waterhole Spring”) is Hebraized from the Arabic designation
of the site, “Nuqayb.”
Websites: www.eingev.org.il; www.eingev.co.il/main.
html.
[Efraim Orni / Shaked Gilboa (2nd ed.)]
EIN HA-EMEK (Heb. קֶמֵ עָה ןיע; ֵ “Spring of the Valley”), rural
community in northern Israel, in the Manasseh Hills of Samaria.
Ein ha-Emek began as a moshav affiliated with Tenu’at
ha-Moshavim. It was founded in 1944 by Jewish farmers from
Kurdistan who had been stonemasons in Jerusalem before settling
the moshav. Its hill-type farming included in 1969 mainly
deciduous fruit orchards and vineyards. Farming was phased
out and over the years the settlers took up other occupations.
In the 1980s the moshav became an ordinary rural community
and began to undergo expansion, its population increasing
from 312 in 1969 to 440 in the mid-1990s and 616 in 2002.
Website: www.megido.org.il/arad/news/megidon/ein_
haemek60.htm.
[Efraim Orni / Shaked Gilboa (2nd ed.)]
EIN HA-ḤORESH (Heb. שֵ ׁרֹ
וחַה ןיע; ֵ “Plowman’s Spring”),
kibbutz in central Israel, in the Ḥefer Plain, affiliated with
Kibbutz Arẓi ha-Shomer ha-Ẓa’ir. It was founded on April
10, 1932, by pioneers from Eastern Europe who reclaimed
the land. In 1968 it had 570 inhabitants; in 2002, 715. Ein ha-
Ḥoresh engages in intensive farming, in citrus and avocado
plantations, field crops, and milch cattle. It also ran a factory
for industrial packaging materials. A culture center put on a
variety of performances.
[Efraim Orni]
EIN HA-MIFRAẒ (Heb. ץרְפִּ ַ מַה ןיע; ֵ “Spring in the Bay”),
kibbutz in Israel, south of Acre, affiliated with Kibbutz Arẓi
ha-Shomer ha-Ẓa’ir. It was founded in 1938 by pioneers from
Eastern Europe. In addition to defending themselves against
Arab attacks from Acre during the riots that lasted until 1939,
the settlers had to drain the salt swamps near the mouth of
ein hod
the Na’aman River. Its economy was based on intensive farming
(field crops, dairy cattle, fishery, and orchards) and two
industrial enterprises (plastic products and cardboard packing
material). The kibbutz was also a partner in the nearby
power station. In 1968 the kibbutz had 580 inhabitants. In the
mid-1990s the population increased to 760, but then dropped
to 674 in 2002.
[Efraim Orni]
EIN HA-NAZIV (Heb. בי ִצ ּנָ ַה ןיע), ֵ kibbutz in Israel, in the Beth
Shean Valley, affiliated with Ha-Kibbutz ha-Dati, founded in
1946 by pioneers from Germany. Its economy was based on intensive
farming and included dates, fishery, poultry, and dairy
cattle. The kibbutz also operated a polyethylene foam factory
and architectural firm. In 1969, it had 347 inhabitants; in 2002,
537. It is named after R. Naphtali Ẓevi Judah *Berlin, head of
the Volozhin yeshivah and one of the first Ḥovevei Zion.
Website: www.hanatziv.org.il.
[Efraim Orni]
EIN HA-SHELOSHAH (Heb. הָׁ שלשַה ְּ ׁ ןיע), ֵ kibbutz in southern
Israel, in the northwestern Negev, on the border of the
*Gaza Strip, affiliated with Ha-No’ar ha-Ẓiyyoni. Ein ha-Sheloshah
was founded in 1949 by former members of *Loḥamei
Ḥerut Israel and originally called Neveh Ya’ir, after the underground
name of their commander Avraham *Stern. They were
succeeded one year later by a group of settlers from Argentina,
Uruguay, and Morocco. Farm branches included citrus
orchards and irrigated field crops. In 2002 the population of
Ein ha-Sheloshah was 340. The settlement’s name (“Spring of
the Three”) commemorates three South American members of
the pioneer group who fell in Israel’s War of Independence.
[Efraim Orni]
EIN HA-SHOFET (Heb. טֵפֹ ושַה ּׁ
ןיע), ֵ kibbutz in Israel, in
the Manasseh Hills, affiliated with Kibbutz Arẓi ha-Shomer
ha-Za’ir. Ein ha-Shofet was founded in 1937 by the first immigrants
of Ha-Shomer ha-Ẓa’ir from the United States and
by a group from Poland. A “tower and stockade” settlement,
the kibbutz was set up at a site that until then had been the
headquarters for Arab bands attacking Jewish villages. It became
part of the “settlement bridge” connecting the Sharon
and the Jezreel Valley, the two principal Jewish regions at the
time. Its economy was based on intensive farming (avocado
plantations, field crops, and cattle) as well as factories manufacturing
screws, electrical appliances, and automotive products.
In 1968 Ein ha-Shofet had 590 inhabitants; in 2002, 715.
The nearby Manasseh Forest is the largest in the country. The
name Ein ha-Shofet (“The Judge’s Spring”) commemorates the
American Zionist leader, Justice Louis *Brandeis.
[Efraim Orni]
EIN HOD (Heb. דֹ וה ןיע), ֵ artists’ village in northern Israel, on
Mt. Carmel E. of Athlit, founded on the initiative of the painter
Marcel *Janco, in 1953, on the picturesque site of an abandoned
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