JUDAICA - Wisdom In Torah

endecja
Jewish Encyclopedia); Y.T. Lewinsky, Enẓiklopedyah shel Havai
u-Masoret ba-Yahadut, 2 vols. (1970).
Bible: B. Natanson, Ma’arekhet Sifrei Kodesh (1870); A.H.
Rosenberg, Oẓar ha-Shemot Asher be-Khitvei ha-Kodesh, 10
vols. (1898–1922); Enẓiklopedyah Mikra’it, 8 vols. (1950–82);
P. Ne’eman, Enẓiklopedyah le-Geografyah Mikra’it, 4 vols.
(1962–65); D. Kimḥi, Enẓiklopedyah le-Ishim ba-Tanakh, 2 vols.
(1964?); M. Solieli and M. Berkooz (eds.), Leksikon Mikra’i, 2
vols. (1964/65); G. Cornfeld and B. Lurie (eds.), Enẓiklopedyah
shel ha-Mikra vi-ymei Bayit Sheni (1967); Talmud and Rabbinics:
I. Lampronti, Paḥad Yiẓḥak, 13 vols. (1750–1888; repr.
1998); M. Guttman, Mafte’aḥ ha-Talmud, 4 vols. (1906–30),
incomplete; H.Z. Medini, Sedei Ḥemed, 16 vols. (1896–1911);
Enẓiklopedyah Talmudit, 28 vols. (1947–2005); M. Wulliger,
Koveẓ ha-Tosafot, Oẓar Nehmad, 3 vols. (1952); I.M. Fishleder,
Mivẓar Yisrael (1958); A.N. Orenstein, Enẓiklopedyah
le-To’orei-Kavod be-Yisrael, 4 vols. (1958–63) (encyclopedia on
honorific titles in the Bible and Rabbinic literature); A. Maged,
Beit Aharon (encyclopedia of talmudic principles and personalities),
11 vols. (1962–78).
HUNGARIAN. Magyar Zsidó Lexikon (1930), 1929 edition published
as Zsidó Lexikon.
PORTUGUESE. F. Levisky, Enciclopédia Judaica Resumida
(1961); C. Roth, Enciclopédia Judaica, 3 vols. (1967).
RUSSIAN. Yevreyskaya entsiklopediya, 16 vols. (1906–13);
“Shorter Jewish Encyclopedia,” 11 vols. (1976–2005).
SPANISH. P. Link, Manual Enciclopédico Judío (1950); Enciclopedia
Judaica Castellana, 10 vols. (1948–51); E. Weinfeld,
Judaismo Contemprano (1961).
YIDDISH. Algemeyne Entsiklopedye: Yidn, 7 vols. (1939–66);
H.B. Bass (ed.), Dertsiungs-Entsiklopedye, 3 vols. (1957–59),
in progress; S. Petrushka, Yidishe Folks-Entsiklopedye, 2 vols.
(1943, 19492).
SERBO-CROATIAN. O. Mandić, Leksikon judaizma i krscanstva
(1969).
Israel encyclopedias
General and Jewish Content
J. Klausner (ed.), Enẓiklopedyah Kelalit, 6 vols. (1935–37); Ha-
Enẓiklopedyah ha-Ivrit, 21 vols. (1949–81); Enẓiklopedyah Kelalit
Yizre’el, 16 vols. (1950–61); D. Pines (ed.), Enẓiklopedyah
la-Am, 3 vols. (1956–57); Enẓiklopedyah Kelalit Massadah, 6
vols. and supplement (1958–66).
Junior Encyclopedias
S.Z. Ariel (ed.), Enẓiklopedyah Maʾyan, 12 vols. (1950–62);
Y. Safra (ed.), Margaliyyot, Enẓiklopedyah li-Yladim, 9 vols.
(1954–66); I. Avnon (ed.), Mikhlal, Enziklopedyah la-No’ar,
15 vols. (19632).
Special Encyclopedias
Agriculture: Ha-Enẓiklopedyah le-Ḥakla’ut (vol. 1, 1966),
in progress; Education: Enẓiklopedyah Ḥinnukhit, 5 vols.
(1959–69); History: M. Timor, Enziklopedyah-le Historyah; H.
Messing, Enẓiklopedyah Historit shel Medinot ha-Olam (1966);
Literature: B. Karou (ed.), Enẓiklopedyah le-Safrut Yisraelit u-
Khelalit, 4 vols. (19612); J. Twersky, Sifrut ha-Olam, Leksikon,
4 vols. (1962/63–1963/64); Music: I. Shalita, Enẓiklopedyah
le-Musikah, 2 vols (1965); Social sciences: Enẓiklopedyah le-
Madda’ei ha-Ḥevrah, 6 vols. (1962–70); Sports and physical
education: Y. Abiram, Enẓiklopedyah li-Sport u-le-Tarbut ha-
Guf, 2 vols. (1966 2 ).
[Theodore Wiener]
ENDECJA (so called after the pronunciation of N.D., abbr.
of Polish “Narodowa Demokracja,” National Democracy; also
Endeks), right-wing political party which became a focus for
Polish antisemitism in the first half of the 20th century. The
party was active in all parts of partitioned Poland. It originated
from the “National League,” established at the end of
the 19th century, to unite Poles of various political allegiance
to work for the resurrection of Poland. At first the liberal and
right-wing tendencies in the party were balanced, but from
1903 the chauvinist tendency gained in strength, finding expression
in struggle against the Jews and a stand against liberalism,
among other objectives. It also adopted a pro-Russian
and anti-German policy. In Galicia, Endecja was set up
in 1905, where it was anti-Ukrainian, and in 1907 won a victory
in the elections to the Austrian parliament in which its
representative was elected president of the “Polish club” of
all Polish deputies in the parliament. Between 1907 and 1911
Endecja was split and weakened by an internal crisis over its
pro-Russian policy. During the elections to the fourth Duma
in 1912 in Warsaw, when the Jewish vote tipped the balance in
favor of a Socialist candidate against the Polish majority, the
occasion was used by Endecja as a springboard to strengthen
the party. Under the leadership of Roman *Dmowski, Endecja
proclaimed an anti-Jewish economic boycott, which was carried
out by the mass of Poles. During World War I, the party
supported Russia and the Allies and achieved its maximum
influence on the future of Poland through the establishment
of the National Polish Committee, in which Dmowski played
a decisive role as chairman. This committee was recognized
as the official representative of the Polish nation at the Versailles
Peace Conference. The Endecja-led delegation took part
in the coalition government of 1919 headed by I. Paderewski.
Endecja became the dominant party in the first elected Polish
parliament (Sejm), and took a share in several governments
until Pilsudski’s coup in 1926. Active mainly on behalf of the
interests of the petty bourgeois urban classes, the party was
adept in making political capital out of emotionally charged
issues, such as a chauvinistic attitude toward the national minorities.
Endecja continued its extreme antisemitic stand in its
struggle to preserve the Polish character of the towns in Poland
against Jewish influence and economic competition. Its
connections with capitalist circles and the clergy determined
its objectives in domestic policy. Endecja was instrumental in
402 ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA, Second Edition, Volume 6