JUDAICA - Wisdom In Torah

ish Congress there in 1868 and the resultant split in Hungarian
Jewry.
*Sukkah, booth or tabernacle erected for *Sukkot when, for seven
days, religious Jews “dwell” or at least eat in the sukkah (Lev.
23:42).
*Sukkot, festival of Tabernacles; last of the three pilgrim festivals,
beginning on the 15th of Tishri.
Sūra (Ar.), chapter of the Koran.
Ta’anit Esther (Fast of *Esther), fast on the 13th of Adar, the day
preceding Purim.
Takkanah (pl. *takkanot), regulation supplementing the law of
the Torah; regulations governing the internal life of communities
and congregations.
*Tallit (gadol), four-cornered prayer shawl with fringes (ẓiẓit) at
each corner.
*Tallit katan, garment with fringes (ẓiẓit) appended, worn by observant
male Jews under their outer garments.
*Talmud, “teaching”; compendium of discussion on the Mishnah
by generations of scholars and jurists in many academies over a
period of several centuries. The Jerusalem (or Palestinian) Talmud
mainly contains the discussions of the Palestinian sages.
The Babylonian Talmud incorporates the parallel discussion in
the Babylonian academies.
Talmud torah, term generally applied to Jewish religious (and ultimately
to talmudic) study; also to traditional Jewish religious
public schools.
*Tammuz, fourth month of the Jewish religious year, tenth of the
civil, approximating to June-July.
Tanna (pl. *tannaim), rabbinic teacher of mishnaic period.
*Targum, Aramaic translation of the Bible.
*Tefillin, phylacteries, small leather cases containing passages from
Scripture and affixed on the forehead and arm by male Jews during
the recital of morning prayers.
Tell (Ar. “mound,” “hillock”), ancient mound in the Middle East
composed of remains of successive settlements.
*Terefah, food that is not *kasher, owing to a defect on the animal.
*Territorialism, 20th century movement supporting the creation
of an autonomous territory for Jewish mass-settlement outside
Ereẓ Israel.
*Tevet, tenth month of the Jewish religious year, fourth of the civil,
approximating to December–January.
Tikkun (“restitution,” “reintegration”), (1) order of service for certain
occasions, mostly recited at night; (2) mystical term denoting
restoration of the right order and true unity after the spiritual
“catastrophe” which occurred in the cosmos.
Tishah be-Av, Ninth of *Av, fast day commemorating the destruction
of the First and Second Temples.
*Tishri, seventh month of the Jewish religious year, first of the civil,
approximating to September–October.
Tokheḥah, reproof sections of the Pentateuch (Lev. 26 and Deut.
28); poem of reproof.
*Torah, Pentateuch or the Pentateuchal scroll for reading in synagogue;
entire body of traditional Jewish teaching and literature.
Tosafist, talmudic glossator, mainly French (12–14th centuries),
bringing additions to the commentary by *Rashi.
*Tosafot, glosses supplied by tosafist.
*Tosefta, a collection of teachings and traditions of the tannaim,
closely related to the Mishnah.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA, Second Edition, Volume 1
glossary
Tradent, person who hands down a talmudic statement on the
name of his teacher or other earlier authority.
*Tu bi-Shevat, the 15th day of Shevat, the New Year for Trees; date
marking a dividing line for fruit tithing; in modern Israel celebrated
as arbor day.
*Uganda Scheme, plan suggested by the British government in
1903 to establish an autonomous Jewish settlement area in East
Africa.
*Va’ad Le’ummi, national council of the Jewish community in Ereẓ
Israel during the period of the British *Mandate.
*Wannsee Conference, Nazi conference held on Jan. 20, 1942,
at which the planned annihilation of European Jewry was endorsed.
Waqf (Ar.), (1) a Muslim charitable pious foundation; (2) state
lands and other property passed to the Muslim community for
public welfare.
*War of Independence, war of 1947–49 when the Jews of Israel
fought off Arab invading armies and ensured the establishment
of the new State.
*White Paper(s), report(s) issued by British government, frequently
statements of policy, as issued in connection with Palestine during
the *Mandate period.
*Wissenschaft des Judentums (Ger. “Science of Judaism”), movement
in Europe beginning in the 19th century for scientific study
of Jewish history, religion, and literature.
*Yad Vashem, Israel official authority for commemorating the
*Holocaust in the Nazi era and Jewish resistance and heroism
at that time.
Yeshivah (pl. *yeshivot), Jewish traditional academy devoted primarily
to study of rabbinic literature; rosh yeshivah, head of the
yeshivah.
YHWH, the letters of the holy name of God, the Tetragrammaton.
Yibbum, see levirate marriage.
Yiḥud, “union”; mystical term for intention which causes the union
of God with the *Shekhinah.
Yishuv, settlement; more specifically, the Jewish community of Ereẓ
Israel in the pre-State period. The pre-Zionist community is generally
designated the “old yishuv” and the community evolving
from 1880, the “new yishuv.”
Yom Kippur, Yom ha-Kippurim, *Day of Atonement, solemn fast
day observed on the 10th of Tishri.
Yoreh De’ah, see Shulḥan Arukh.
Yoẓer, hymns inserted in the first benediction (Yoẓer Or) of the
morning *Shema.
*Ẓaddik, person outstanding for his faith and piety; especially a
ḥasidic rabbi or leader.
Ẓimẓum, “contraction”; mystical term denoting the process
whereby God withdraws or contracts within Himself so leaving
a primordial vacuum in which creation can take place; primordial
exile or self-limitation of God.
*Zionist Commission (1918), commission appointed in 1918 by the
British government to advise the British military authorities in
Palestine on the implementation of the *Balfour Declaration.
Ẓyyonei Zion, the organized opposition to Herzl in connection
with the *Uganda Scheme.
*Ẓiẓit, fringes attached to the *tallit and *tallit katan.
*Zohar, mystical commentary on the Pentateuch; main textbook
of *Kabbalah.
Zulat, hymn inserted after the *Shema in the morning service.