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president of the State of Israel, personally offered his services
in this direction. However, only after the New York convention
in 1967 did Farband seriously negotiate the unification
of Labor Zionist forces in America. The 22nd national convention,
held in New York December 23–26, 1971, finally brought
this about by bringing into the legal framework of Farband
the members and branches of Poalei Zion and the American
Habonim Association, the latter comprising the alumni of
the Labor Zionist youth movement. The name was changed
to Labor Zionist Alliance. The national offices are in Farband
House, New York City, and regional offices are maintained in
principal cities throughout the United States and Canada.
[Jehuda Reinharz]
The 22nd national convention, held in New York December
232–6, 1971, finally brought about the merger of Farband,
Poalei Zion, and the American Habonim Association, comprising
the alumni of the Labor Zionist youth movement. The
name was changed to Labor Zionist Alliance and was changed
once again in 2004 to Ameinu.
[Daniel Mann (2nd ed.)]
FARBER, MARVIN (1901–1980), U.S. philosopher, founder
of the International Phenomenological Society in 1939 and
editor of the journal Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
from 1940 and, from 1951, American Lectures in Philosophy.
Farber was born in Buffalo, New York, and educated at
Harvard University and in Germany. He taught at Ohio State
University, State University of New York at Buffalo, and at the
University of Pennsylvania. Starting as an instructor in philosophy
at the University of Buffalo in 1927, he became successively
assistant professor, professor, department chairman,
acting dean of the graduate school, distinguished professor
and, in 1964, distinguished service professor.
Farber was the first to bring Husserl’s phenomenology to
the attention of American philosophers. In 1928 he published
Phenomenology as a Method and as a Philosophical Discipline,
and in 1943 The Foundation of Phenomenology. He edited Philosophical
Essays in Memory of Edmund Husserl (1940). Though
Farber was a follower of Husserl and expositor of contemporary
German and French thought, he criticized the anti-scientific
attitude of Husserl, Max Scheler, and others, as well as the
anti-rationalist tendencies in other contemporary European
thinkers such as Heidegger. His views tended toward naturalism
and pragmatism, as expressed in his volume Naturalism
and Subjectivism (1959) and in his many articles.
Other books by Farber include The Aims of Phenomenology:
The Motives, Methods, and Impact of Husserl’s Thought
(1966), Phenomenology and Existence: Toward a Philosophy
within Nature (1967), Foundation of Phenomenology: Edmund
Husserl & the Quest for a Rigorous Science of Philosophy
(1967), Basic Issues of Philosophy: Experience, Reality,
and Human Values (1968), and The Search for an Alternative:
Philosophical Perspectives of Subjectivism & Marxism (with R.
Chisholm, 1984).
Farbstein, David ẓevi
Farber was a member of philosophy societies around the
world, such as the Institut Philosophe, Paris; International
Phenomenological Society (past president); American Philosophical
Association (president of the Eastern Division), C.S.
Pierce Society, Symbolic Logic Association (executive committee),
and American Association of University Professors,
Phi Beta Kappa.
Bibliography: H. Spiegelberg, The Phenomenological Movement,
2 (1960), 627–9; Add. Bibliography: D. Mathur, Naturalistic
Philosophies of Experience: Studies in James, Dewey and Farber
against the Background of Husserl’s Phenomenology (1971).
[Richard H. Popkin / Ruth Beloff (2nd ed.)]
FARBER, VIOLA (1931–1998), U.S. dancer, choreographer,
and teacher. Of German birth, Farber arrived in the U.S. at the
age of seven and became a citizen in 1944. She studied modern
dance with Katherine Litz, and Merce Cunningham and also
took ballet classes with Alfredo Corvino. In 1953, she became
a founding member of Cunningham’s company as a dancer
and choreographed some of its works until 1968. Among her
works from this period are Crises, Paired, and Nocturne. To the
Cunningham technique Farber, as a passionate dancer, added
her personal contribution of human warmth. Dense, demanding
movement and a humorous, bounding enthusiasm characterized
her style. In 1968, she founded her own company and
began choreographing her own works. Most of her work has
been either set to original music or danced in silence. However,
in one case her Dune and Nightshade was choreographed
to Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata. She also taught in Salt Lake
City and Columbus, Ohio, and served on the faculty of the
New York School of the Arts. In 1981–82, the French government
appointed her director of the Centre National de Danse
Contemporaine at Angers, for which she created nine works,
including Nuage and Oiseaux-Pierres, continuing to maintain
close ties to France. Her choreographed piece Ainsi de suite
was performed at the Avignon Festival.
[Amnon Shiloah (2nd ed.)]
FARBSTEIN, DAVID ẒEVI (1868–1953), Zionist Swiss politician.
Farbstein was born in Warsaw and grew up in a traditional
family. He worked at a bank in Warsaw to finance his
studies, distancing himself from his Orthodox upbringing.
During his studies in Berlin (1892–94) he joined the Russian
Jewish Scientific Association and met with N. *Syrkin.
He continued his studies at the universities of Zurich and
Berne (1894–97), graduating with a thesis on “the legal status
of the free and unfree worker in talmudic law.” In 1897 he received
Swiss citizenship, became a member of the Cultusgemeinde
and joined the Social Democratic Party. He protested
against the expulsion of Russian-Jewish peddlers from Zurich
(1905/06) and led the opposition in the Cultusgemeinde
against the well-to-do Swiss-Jewish establishment. As a lawyer,
he defended women who had had abortions. In 1902 he
was elected to the cantonal parliament, after 1904 to the city
parliament. Here he fought against the introduction of a 15-
ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA, Second Edition, Volume 6 713