Effet chez le porcelet d'une exposition à un régime co-contaminé en ...

INTRODUCTIONdecrease in toxin-concentration during incubation. Attempts to isolate a pure culture failed. In 1983,Ueno et al. isolated the Curtobacterium sp. (strain 114-2), a soil bacterium capable of deacetylatingT-2 toxin to the less toxic metabolites HT-2 toxin and T-2 triol. Finally, in 1997, Shima et al. weresuccessful in isolating a soil bacterium, belonging to the Agrobacterium-Rhizobium group, capable ofbiotransforming DON to the less-toxic metabolite 3-keto-DON. Protective effect of a feed additiveagainst the toxic effects of 4,15-diacetoxisciepenol (DAS) in broiler chickens was also investigated.Results suggested that feed additive supplementation in the diet protected against the adverse effectof DAS on feed intake and body weight at different levels of inclusion.Enzymes capable of degrading fumonisins have been isolated from a filamentous saprophyticfungus growing on maize (Blackwell et al., 1999; Duvik, 2001). Recently scientists isolated andcharacterized new fumonisin-metabolizing bacterial strains. Some of these isolates were found to beactive in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. One of the strains with the highest technologicalpotential belongs to the family of Sphingomonadaceae. It degrades fumonisins by first cleaving offtricarballylic acid side chains and subsequently catabolising the rest of the molecule into non-toxicproducts (Moll et al., 2009).Moreover, biological detoxification was also tested in multi-mycotoxin contaminated feeds.Cheng et al. (2006) investigated the combined effects of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on growthperformance, blood biochemistry and immune response of weaning piglets and the alleviating effectsof a mycotoxin degrading enzyme (MDE) on the toxicity of these Fusarium mycotoxins. Based on theresults, it was suggested that the combination of DON and ZEA confers a chemical multi-organtoxicity in pigs and MDE provides a partial or complete toxic sparing effect of mycotoxins.Biotechnology in animal feed production has become stronger and more important during the lastdecades. The uses of microbiological (enzymes and microbes) in feed have dramatically increasedand are prime examples for the necessity of new approaches in animal production.Isolation and characterization of microorganisms or enzymes that are able to biotransformmycotoxins could possibly be the breakthrough for the practical application of biotechnology inspecific decontamination processes taking place directly in the intestinal tract of animals. Thisbiological decontamination may become a technology of choice, as enzymatic reactions offer aspecific, efficient and environmentally friendly way of detoxification.Ensiling of mycotoxin-contaminated crops for detoxification has been proposed as an interestingand possible method for elimination or reduction of mycotoxins. Normal ensiling has, however, onlyrarely been studied for its mycotoxin degrading potential. A study by Rotter et al. (1990) showed thatensiling of ochratoxin-contaminated barley could reduce the toxin by approximately 68%. However,86