Effet chez le porcelet d'une exposition à un régime co-contaminé en ...

INTRODUCTIONCONCLUSIONIn the present review, we have analyzed the data published in more than 100 papers, tocharacterize for different parameters the interaction between mycotoxins. More than half of thepublished papers investigated the interactions between aflatoxins with other mycotoxins. Althoughthese experiments are relevant in terms of toxicity and natural co-occurrence, we were surprisedthat only few published papers investigated the interactions between other mycotoxins, especiallyinteraction between toxins from Fusarium spp. which are of major concern worldwide.Overall, the review highlights the complexity of the interaction between mycotoxins. Indeed, evenwithin the same experiment the type of interaction varies according to the parameter measured.Although, most of the studies have shown a synergistic or additive interaction on the adverse effectsof the animals performance, the results on other parameters, especially on biochemical compounds,led to different type of interaction, going from synergistic to antagonistic for a same association.Many contributing factors could explain these discrepancies: sensitivity of animal model tomycotoxins, age and sex, nutritional status, as well as the duration and the route of exposure to thetoxin. In addition, as reflected in the tables, the levels of mycotoxins used in the experiments maychange the type of interaction observed.Very few studies investigated the effect of mycotoxins, alone or in combination on immuneparameters, while in farms vaccination or response to pathogens are common situation.Histopathological analyses provide informations on the organs and cells injuries, but would need tobe related with physiologically consequences, especially on functions, not enough studied (oxidativestress, hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, intestinal permeability…).Finally, the number of studies investigating effect of low doses of toxins, representative of fieldsituation is very low. Although the use of moderate to high concentrations of toxins providesinformation on the type of interaction, these doses are not expected in environmental conditionsand are largely over the limit set by regulation/recommendation in different countries. It has beennoted in this review that a combination of mycotoxins at low concentration may have negativeeffects, even though the concentrations of individual mycotoxins are below the concentrationsreported to cause negative effects (Domijan et al., 2007). Although not reported in this review, theanalysis of interaction with more than two mycotoxins would be also relevant and useful in terms ofrisk assessment.Nonetheless, it can be concluded that exposure to a co-contaminated food/feed result in agreater risk to human and animal health. The co-exposition to two toxins led finally to greater total45