Effet chez le porcelet d'une exposition Ã un rÃ©gime co-contaminÃ© en ...

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T2-CPAChicken(28 d)T2-CPAChicken(21 d)1.0 – 106.0 – 34- CK ↗ (P)- RW-K ↗- triglycerides ↗- RW-L ↗- cholesterol↗- % CD + 4 & CD + 8 inthymus ↘- % CD + 8 in spleen ↘- lymphocytesstimulation ↘- RW-Pc ↗- albumin ↘1) Mayura et al. (1984) : subcutaneously administration during the 20 d-period of pregnancy2) Siraj et al. (1981) : one administration intragastrically and measurements 12 d post administration3) Domijan et al. (2007) : 15 d-treatment with OTA, and treatment with FB for the last 5 days of OTA treatment4) Kubena et al. (1984) : 14 administrations- BW ↘- mortality, oral lesions↗- RW-Pv,G ↗- RW-BF ↘- TP ↘- GGT ↘- % CD 4 + in spleen ↘- Ab ND ↘ Kamalavenkatesh et al.,2005- glucose ↘Kubena etal., 1994b
INTRODUCTIONIII. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN OCHRATOXIN A AND OTHER MYCOTOXINS1) Interaction between OTA and Citrinin (CIT)Regarding zootechnical parameters, Manning et al. (1985) observed an antagonistic interactionfor body weight gain when chickens were fed with OTA and CIT (Table 6). This response was mostlikely the result of the improved feed intake in the OTA+CIT group. Birds receiving the cocontaminatedfeed also showed an antagonistic effect in the increase of water consumption that isnormally associated with CIT toxicosis.Changes in serum total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid concentration alsodemonstrated an antagonistic effect between the two toxins (Table 6), and suggested that thecombination of mycotoxins gave some advantage to the birds and allowed them to maintainbiochemical parameters close to the to normal ranges. A proposed mechanism would be that thecytoplasmic accumulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum may be indicative of enzyme induced bythe exposure to CIT and would protect against the toxicity of OTA (Manning et al. 1985; Brown et al.1986).Less than additive and antagonistic interactions between the two toxins were also observed inrabbits for lymphocytes proliferation and specific antibody response (Kumar et al., 2008) (Table 6).Because both OTA and CIT target the kidney and have been implicated as causal agents for theBalkan endemic nephropathy, most of the experiments conducted with both OTA and CITinvestigated their effects on renal function and structure (Brown et al., 1986; Glahn et al., 1988;Kitchen et al., 1977a; b; Kumar et al., 2007; Manning et al., 1985; Siraj et al., 1981). A synergisticinteraction between the two toxins was observed in dog when looking at the severity of clinical signsand mortality (Kitchen et al., 1977a). Concentrations of urinary GOT and LDH were significantlyincreased in animals exposed to both toxins, signing renal damages. A synergistic interaction was alsoobserved for the inhibition of the renal Na + -K + -ATPase activity in neonatal rats (Siraj et al., 1981)(Table 6). An experiment also reported that the OTA pretreatment blunted the diuretic effect of CITon kidney of pullets (Glahn et al., 1988). But as indicated by the author, the sequential use of toxinsand mode of administration may create conditions that differ significantly from situations in whichOTA and CIT are present simultaneously.Ultrastructural assessment of kidney showed mainly degenerative and necrotic changes in theproximal and distal tubules. The nephrotoxicity was related with mitochondria damage (Kumar et al.2007; Brown et al. 1986). In the animal group receiving both toxins, these lesions were more severeand intense (Kitchen et al., 1977b; Kumar et al., 2007), similar to the ones observed in the OTA-41
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AUTEUR : Bertrand GRENIERTITRE : Ef
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REMERCIEMENTSLe travail ici présen
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J’ai une pensée particulière po
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Grenier, B., Loureiro-Bracarense, A
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TABLE DES MATIERES ................
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LISTE DES ABREVIATIONSAFAflatoxineD
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FIGURES ET TABLEAUXFigure 1 : Mycot
Page 16 and 17: INTRODUCTION8
Page 18 and 19: INTRODUCTIONCONTEXTE DE L’ETUDELe
Page 20 and 21: INTRODUCTIONElle se présentait sou
Page 22 and 23: INTRODUCTIONl’utilisation de ce m
Page 24 and 25: INTRODUCTION1. Les mycotoxines : g
Page 26 and 27: INTRODUCTIONc) La zéaralénone (vo
Page 28 and 29: INTRODUCTIONleucoencéphalomalacies
Page 30 and 31: INTRODUCTIONMycotoxins co-contamina
Page 32 and 33: INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONFood safety
Page 34 and 35: INTRODUCTIONCHARACTERIZATION OF THE
Page 36 and 37: Quail(140 d)AF-FBRabbit(21 d)AF-FBR
Page 38 and 39: INTRODUCTIONdue to the ingestion of
Page 40 and 41: Table 2 : Interaction between Aflat
Page 42 and 43: (49 d) - RW-L ↗- Ab SRBC ↘- RW-
Page 44 and 45: INTRODUCTIONb) effects AF and OTA o
Page 46 and 47: INTRODUCTIONThe depletion of lympho
Page 48 and 49: AF-T2Chicken 0.3 - 3.0(35 d)AF-T2Ra
Page 50 and 51: INTRODUCTIONonly seen in birds give
Page 52 and 53: (30 d) 2AF-RUBGuinea pig 0.02 bw -(
Page 54 and 55: INTRODUCTIONbetween AF and CPA on t
Page 56 and 57: (21 day) - RBC, hemoglobin ↗- AST
Page 58 and 59: INTRODUCTIONII. INTERACTIONS BETWEE
Page 60 and 61: INTRODUCTIONwhereas in the experime
Page 62 and 63: INTRODUCTION2.2) TCT type A and BTw
Page 64 and 65: Table 6 : Interaction between Ochra
Page 68 and 69: INTRODUCTIONexposed group (Brown et
Page 70 and 71: INTRODUCTION2.3) Interaction betwee
Page 72 and 73: INTRODUCTIONeffects in comparison t
Page 74 and 75: INTRODUCTION3. Procédés de décon
Page 76 and 77: INTRODUCTIONPhysical and chemical m
Page 78 and 79: INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONConsumption
Page 80 and 81: INTRODUCTIONmm screen shows that fr
Page 82 and 83: INTRODUCTIONseparate the grain into
Page 84 and 85: Table 7 : toxicological evaluation
Page 86 and 87: INTRODUCTIONextrusion parameters ra
Page 88 and 89: INTRODUCTION- an important loss of
Page 90 and 91: INTRODUCTIONal., 2005). The fate of
Page 92 and 93: INTRODUCTIONby a steeping period. S
Page 94 and 95: INTRODUCTIONon cell tissue cultures
Page 96 and 97: INTRODUCTIONCONCLUSIONDetoxificatio
Page 98 and 99: INTRODUCTIONMycotoxin Reduction in
Page 100 and 101: INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONMycotoxin-p
Page 102 and 103: INTRODUCTIONI. ADSORPTION OF MYCOTO
Page 104 and 105: Rats3000 ppb 0.5 %2500 ppb 0.5 %250
Page 106 and 107: INTRODUCTIONIn studies of the poten
Page 108 and 109: INTRODUCTIONSubstances investigated
Page 110 and 111: Table 9 : Outcome of yeast cell wal
Page 112 and 113: INTRODUCTIONFurthermore, cholestyra
Page 114 and 115: INTRODUCTIONwall peptidoglycans and
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INTRODUCTIONII. BIOLOGICAL DETOXIFI
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INTRODUCTIONdecrease in toxin-conce
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INTRODUCTIONCONCLUSIONPrevention an
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TRAVAILEXPERIMENTAL90
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALtoxicité gén
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALRESUME DES ETUD
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These are not the final page number
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALChronic ingesti
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALINTRODUCTIONMyc
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALMATERIAL & METH
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALthrough a grade
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Figure 5ABCDVilli height (µm)5432a
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALRESULTS1) Histo
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Figure 8ILEUM2.01.6TNF-αbbb2.52.0I
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL3) Intestinal i
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALtreated group t
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALThe potencial e
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALQuantification
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Figure 10 :(a) Réaction de deesté
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALrévélé de l
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALABSTRACTFumonis
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALintestinal leve
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL3) Experimental
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALthe importance
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Figure 11 : Effects of FB1 and HFB1
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Table 15 : Effects of FB1 and HFB1
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Table 17 : Effects of FB1 and HFB1
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALDISCUSSIONThe a
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALassociated lymp
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALHartinger et al
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Figure 13 :(a) Transformation par v
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Figure 14 :Illustrations de la proc
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Figure 15 :Plan expérimental de la
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL4) Analyses du
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL9) Analyses sta
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALRESULTATS1) Eff
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL2) Effet des ag
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALb,cca,ba,b,da,d
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALL’exposition
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Figure 21 : Effet de l’exposition
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1,41,21,00,80,60,40,20,0IL‐8a,cc
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALDISCUSSIONLes o
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALœdèmes pulmon
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DISCUSSIONGENERALE160
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DISCUSSION GENERALEDans ce travail
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DISCUSSION GENERALEdes vaches laiti
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Tableau 24 : Analyse de denrées ag
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DISCUSSION GENERALEet al., 2008b).
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DISCUSSION GENERALE• une réactio
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DISCUSSION GENERALE2. Les systèmes
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DISCUSSION GENERALEMycoplasma agala
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DISCUSSION GENERALEoptimale. Les au
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DISCUSSION GENERALEsphingomyéline
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DISCUSSION GENERALEsignalisation ce
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DISCUSSION GENERALEL’IMMUNITÉ IN
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DISCUSSION GENERALEplus spécifique
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DISCUSSION GENERALEsouligner que le
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DISCUSSION GENERALELA CARBOXYLESTER
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DISCUSSION GENERALEde HFB1. Toutefo
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CONCLUSIONS184
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CONCLUSIONSLes effets d’expositio
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CONCLUSIONSest utilisée lorsque la
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESAABDEL-W
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESBHANDARI
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESCASADO,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESDEGIRMEN
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESETIENNE,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESGRENIER,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESHERZALLA
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESKERKADI,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESKUMAR, M
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESMARZOCCO
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESODHAV, B
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESPFOHL-LE
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESREFAI, M
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESSCHWARTZ
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESSWANSON,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESVEKIRU,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESYAN, D.,
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