Effet chez le porcelet d'une exposition Ã un rÃ©gime co-contaminÃ© en ...

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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALRESULTS1) Histomorphometrical analysisSamples of jejunum and ileum were collected for histomorphometrical analysis. Piglets fed dietscontaminated with mycotoxins showed mild to moderate intestinal lesions. The main histologicalchanges observed were lymphatic vessel dilation, mild eosinophil granulation within the cytoplasm ofenterocytes, and prominent lymphoid follicles. The lesional score increased for animals fedcontaminated diets (Figure 5).Changes in villous height and crypt depth are indicative of enterocyte loss and impairedabsorption of nutrients. As shown in Figure 5, villi height decreased significantly in the jejunum of theanimals that received DON and DON+FB when compared with controls. Focal apical necrosis of villi(Figures 5C and 5D) was also observed in the intestine of piglets fed mycotoxins diets. No change incrypt depth was observed in any intestinal region. Goblet cells synthesize and secrete mucin, which isinvolved in gut physiology. The number of goblet cells decreased (Figures 5F and 6) significantly inthe DON- and FB+DON-treated animals in the jejunum and ileum.Inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils was observed in all regions ofthe intestine. In the groups treated with mycotoxins, a reduction in lymphocytic infiltrate wasobserved in all regions of the intestine. However, only the jejunum was significantly affected (Figure6). The number of eosinophils in the lamina propria decreased significantly in the ileum of the groupthat received DON+FB. The mean number of inflammatory cells per field in each region of theintestine is summarized in Figure 6.2) Cell proliferationCell proliferation was estimated by counting the number of mitosis figures in enterocytes on HEslides. The mean number of mitosis figures in the jejunum were 2.36 ± 1.64 in the control group, 1.73± 1.35 in the DON treated group, 1.66 ± 1.11 in the FB treated group and 1.91 ± 1.19 in the DON+FBtreated group. In the ileum the mean number were 1.75 ± 1.26, 1.78 ± 1.46, 1.62 ± 1.17 and 1.89 ±1.11 for the control group, DON treated group, FB treated group and DON+FB treated group,respectively. A significant decrease (p
Figure 7JEJUNUMC y t o k i n e e x p r e s s i o n l e v e l s ( A . U.)2.01.61.20.80.40.01.61.20.80.40.01.41.21.00.80.60.40.2IL-10a, baMIP-1βbaIL-4a aba, baba, ba1.61.20.80.40.02.52.01.51.00.50.02.52.01.51.00.5IFN-γaIL-2aIL-8aa, bbaba, baa, ba, ba2.01.61.20.80.40.02.52.01.51.00.50.02.01.61.20.80.4IL-1βbaIL-12baTNF-αaaaa, baa, ba, ba3.02.52.01.51.00.50.0IL-6baaaCont DON FB DON+FB0.0Cont DON FB DON+FB0.0Cont DON FB DON+FB0.0Cont DON FB DON+FBA n i m a l t r e a t m e n t s
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AUTEUR : Bertrand GRENIERTITRE : Ef
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REMERCIEMENTSLe travail ici présen
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J’ai une pensée particulière po
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Grenier, B., Loureiro-Bracarense, A
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TABLE DES MATIERES ................
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LISTE DES ABREVIATIONSAFAflatoxineD
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FIGURES ET TABLEAUXFigure 1 : Mycot
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INTRODUCTION8
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INTRODUCTIONCONTEXTE DE L’ETUDELe
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INTRODUCTIONElle se présentait sou
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INTRODUCTIONl’utilisation de ce m
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INTRODUCTION1. Les mycotoxines : g
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INTRODUCTIONc) La zéaralénone (vo
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INTRODUCTIONleucoencéphalomalacies
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INTRODUCTIONMycotoxins co-contamina
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONFood safety
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INTRODUCTIONCHARACTERIZATION OF THE
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Quail(140 d)AF-FBRabbit(21 d)AF-FBR
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INTRODUCTIONdue to the ingestion of
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Table 2 : Interaction between Aflat
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(49 d) - RW-L ↗- Ab SRBC ↘- RW-
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INTRODUCTIONb) effects AF and OTA o
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INTRODUCTIONThe depletion of lympho
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AF-T2Chicken 0.3 - 3.0(35 d)AF-T2Ra
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INTRODUCTIONonly seen in birds give
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(30 d) 2AF-RUBGuinea pig 0.02 bw -(
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INTRODUCTIONbetween AF and CPA on t
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(21 day) - RBC, hemoglobin ↗- AST
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INTRODUCTIONII. INTERACTIONS BETWEE
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INTRODUCTIONwhereas in the experime
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INTRODUCTION2.2) TCT type A and BTw
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Table 6 : Interaction between Ochra
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T2-CPAChicken(28 d)T2-CPAChicken(21
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INTRODUCTIONexposed group (Brown et
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INTRODUCTION2.3) Interaction betwee
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INTRODUCTIONeffects in comparison t
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INTRODUCTION3. Procédés de décon
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INTRODUCTIONPhysical and chemical m
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONConsumption
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INTRODUCTIONmm screen shows that fr
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INTRODUCTIONseparate the grain into
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Table 7 : toxicological evaluation
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INTRODUCTIONextrusion parameters ra
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INTRODUCTION- an important loss of
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INTRODUCTIONal., 2005). The fate of
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INTRODUCTIONby a steeping period. S
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INTRODUCTIONon cell tissue cultures
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INTRODUCTIONCONCLUSIONDetoxificatio
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INTRODUCTIONMycotoxin Reduction in
Page 100 and 101: INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONMycotoxin-p
Page 102 and 103: INTRODUCTIONI. ADSORPTION OF MYCOTO
Page 104 and 105: Rats3000 ppb 0.5 %2500 ppb 0.5 %250
Page 106 and 107: INTRODUCTIONIn studies of the poten
Page 108 and 109: INTRODUCTIONSubstances investigated
Page 110 and 111: Table 9 : Outcome of yeast cell wal
Page 112 and 113: INTRODUCTIONFurthermore, cholestyra
Page 114 and 115: INTRODUCTIONwall peptidoglycans and
Page 116 and 117: INTRODUCTIONII. BIOLOGICAL DETOXIFI
Page 118 and 119: INTRODUCTIONdecrease in toxin-conce
Page 120 and 121: INTRODUCTIONCONCLUSIONPrevention an
Page 122 and 123: TRAVAILEXPERIMENTAL90
Page 124 and 125: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALtoxicité gén
Page 126 and 127: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALRESUME DES ETUD
Page 128 and 129: These are not the final page number
Page 140 and 141: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALChronic ingesti
Page 142 and 143: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALINTRODUCTIONMyc
Page 144 and 145: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALMATERIAL & METH
Page 146 and 147: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALthrough a grade
Page 148 and 149: Figure 5ABCDVilli height (µm)5432a
Page 152 and 153: Figure 8ILEUM2.01.6TNF-αbbb2.52.0I
Page 154 and 155: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL3) Intestinal i
Page 156 and 157: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALtreated group t
Page 158 and 159: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALThe potencial e
Page 160 and 161: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALQuantification
Page 162 and 163: Figure 10 :(a) Réaction de deesté
Page 164 and 165: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALrévélé de l
Page 166 and 167: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALABSTRACTFumonis
Page 168 and 169: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALintestinal leve
Page 170 and 171: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL3) Experimental
Page 172 and 173: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALthe importance
Page 174 and 175: Figure 11 : Effects of FB1 and HFB1
Page 176 and 177: Table 15 : Effects of FB1 and HFB1
Page 178 and 179: Table 17 : Effects of FB1 and HFB1
Page 180 and 181: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALDISCUSSIONThe a
Page 182 and 183: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALassociated lymp
Page 184 and 185: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALHartinger et al
Page 186 and 187: Figure 13 :(a) Transformation par v
Page 188 and 189: Figure 14 :Illustrations de la proc
Page 190 and 191: Figure 15 :Plan expérimental de la
Page 192 and 193: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL4) Analyses du
Page 194 and 195: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL9) Analyses sta
Page 196 and 197: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALRESULTATS1) Eff
Page 198 and 199: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL2) Effet des ag
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALb,cca,ba,b,da,d
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALL’exposition
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Figure 21 : Effet de l’exposition
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1,41,21,00,80,60,40,20,0IL‐8a,cc
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALDISCUSSIONLes o
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALœdèmes pulmon
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DISCUSSIONGENERALE160
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DISCUSSION GENERALEDans ce travail
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DISCUSSION GENERALEdes vaches laiti
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Tableau 24 : Analyse de denrées ag
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DISCUSSION GENERALEet al., 2008b).
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DISCUSSION GENERALE• une réactio
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DISCUSSION GENERALE2. Les systèmes
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DISCUSSION GENERALEMycoplasma agala
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DISCUSSION GENERALEoptimale. Les au
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DISCUSSION GENERALEsphingomyéline
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DISCUSSION GENERALEsignalisation ce
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DISCUSSION GENERALEL’IMMUNITÉ IN
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DISCUSSION GENERALEplus spécifique
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DISCUSSION GENERALEsouligner que le
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DISCUSSION GENERALELA CARBOXYLESTER
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DISCUSSION GENERALEde HFB1. Toutefo
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CONCLUSIONS184
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CONCLUSIONSLes effets d’expositio
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CONCLUSIONSest utilisée lorsque la
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESAABDEL-W
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESBHANDARI
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESCASADO,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESDEGIRMEN
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESETIENNE,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESGRENIER,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESHERZALLA
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESKERKADI,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESKUMAR, M
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESMARZOCCO
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESODHAV, B
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESPFOHL-LE
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESREFAI, M
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESSCHWARTZ
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESSWANSON,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESVEKIRU,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESYAN, D.,
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