Effet chez le porcelet d'une exposition Ã un rÃ©gime co-contaminÃ© en ...

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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALThe potencial effects of DON, FB and both mycotoxins on AJ function were analyzed usingwestern blotting and immunohistochemical assays. DON and DON+FB treatments altered totalcellular amount of E-cadherin, whereas all treatments induced changes in the amount of occludin. Areduction of E-cadherin and occludin, therefore, suggests a loss of enterocytes’ adhesive propertiesthat permits increased intestinal permeation by toxic luminal antigens, promoting intestinalinflammation. However, to the best of the author’s knowledge, no data have been reportedconcerning reduced expression of E-cadherin in the intestinal tract after ingestion of a mycotoxinmono- or co-contaminated diet. It has been suggested that derangement of the apical junctioncomplex of the intestinal epithelium may be involved in the generation of an aberrant immuneresponse due, for example, to a loss of epithelial cell polarity or an abnormal delivery of antigens viaa paracellular pathway (Hershberg and Mayer, 2000; Soderholm et al., 2002).Considering that the intestine is the first tissue involved in the absorption of mycotoxins, a proinflammatoryeffect, as we observed in this study, is expected as a consequence of TJ barrierdysfunction. Increased intestinal permeability could allow luminal antigens to enter into the mucosa,inducing proinflammatory cytokine expression. Considering that TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β causeddecreases in ZO-1 and occludin protein expression in Caco-2 cells (Han et al., 2003; Cui et al., 2010),we can hypothesize that increased levels of these cytokines also affect E-cadherin expression.Multi-contamination with low doses of mycotoxins is more likely to occur in naturalcontamination, but there are few data indicating the effects of co-contaminated mycotoxin diets inpigs. Taken together, the present data provide strong evidence that chronic ingestion of low doses ofmycotoxins induces histological changes in an in vivo model, potentiates cytokines secretion, andaffects the expression of proteins involved in cell adhesion, suggesting that ingestion of DON, FB andboth toxins could predispose animals to infections by enteric pathogens through alteration ofintestinal barrier function. Moreover, the response observed for the co-contaminated diet wassimilar to the response to mono-contaminated diets for the majority of the parameters evaluated,indicating no synergistic effect in the intestine.120
TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALFIGURES LEGENDFigure 5 : Effect of individual and combined DON and FB exposure on jejunum and ileum histology.Pigs received a control diet ( ), or a DON-contaminated diet ( ), or a FB-contaminated diet ( ), ora contaminated diet with both toxins ( ).(A) Jejunum of a control piglet and (B) DON treated piglet. Villi flattening (arrow). HE. 10x. (C) Villiapical necrosis (arrow). HE. 10x and (D) Bacterial adhesion in the area with necrosis (arrow). HE. 40x.(E) Globet cells in a control piglet and (F) Decrease in the number of globet cells (arrow). Alcian-Blue.20x.Morphometry of villi height in the jejunum and ileum. Data are mean height (µm) ± SEM for 6 pigs.Lesional score after histological examination according to the occurrence and the severity of lesions.Values are mean scores for 6 pigs. Statistics are mentioned when significant changes were observed.Figure 6 : Effect of individual and combined DON and FB exposure on the number of inflammatorycells and globet cells in jejunum and ileum.Pigs received a control diet ( ), or a DON-contaminated diet ( ), or a FB-contaminated diet ( ), ora contaminated diet with both toxins ( ).Values are mean number of inflammatory and globet cells ± SEM for 6 pigs. Statistics are mentionedwhen significant changes were observed.Figure 7 : Effect of individual and combined DON and FB exposure on jejunum mRNA expression ofcytokines.Pigs received a control diet ( ), or a DON-contaminated diet ( ), or a FB-contaminated diet ( ), ora contaminated diet with both toxins ( ).Quantification of the relative cytokine mRNA level for each sample is expressed in arbitrary units(A.U). Values are mean ± SEM for 5 pigs. Statistics are mentioned when significant changes wereobserved.Figure 8 : Effect of individual and combined DON and FB exposure on ileum mRNA expression ofcytokines.Pigs received a control diet ( ), or a DON-contaminated diet ( ), or a FB-contaminated diet ( ), ora contaminated diet with both toxins ( ).121
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AUTEUR : Bertrand GRENIERTITRE : Ef
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REMERCIEMENTSLe travail ici présen
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J’ai une pensée particulière po
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Grenier, B., Loureiro-Bracarense, A
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TABLE DES MATIERES ................
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LISTE DES ABREVIATIONSAFAflatoxineD
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FIGURES ET TABLEAUXFigure 1 : Mycot
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INTRODUCTION8
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INTRODUCTIONCONTEXTE DE L’ETUDELe
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INTRODUCTIONElle se présentait sou
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INTRODUCTIONl’utilisation de ce m
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INTRODUCTION1. Les mycotoxines : g
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INTRODUCTIONc) La zéaralénone (vo
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INTRODUCTIONleucoencéphalomalacies
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INTRODUCTIONMycotoxins co-contamina
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONFood safety
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INTRODUCTIONCHARACTERIZATION OF THE
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Quail(140 d)AF-FBRabbit(21 d)AF-FBR
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INTRODUCTIONdue to the ingestion of
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Table 2 : Interaction between Aflat
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(49 d) - RW-L ↗- Ab SRBC ↘- RW-
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INTRODUCTIONb) effects AF and OTA o
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INTRODUCTIONThe depletion of lympho
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AF-T2Chicken 0.3 - 3.0(35 d)AF-T2Ra
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INTRODUCTIONonly seen in birds give
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(30 d) 2AF-RUBGuinea pig 0.02 bw -(
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INTRODUCTIONbetween AF and CPA on t
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(21 day) - RBC, hemoglobin ↗- AST
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INTRODUCTIONII. INTERACTIONS BETWEE
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INTRODUCTIONwhereas in the experime
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INTRODUCTION2.2) TCT type A and BTw
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Table 6 : Interaction between Ochra
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T2-CPAChicken(28 d)T2-CPAChicken(21
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INTRODUCTIONexposed group (Brown et
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INTRODUCTION2.3) Interaction betwee
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INTRODUCTIONeffects in comparison t
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INTRODUCTION3. Procédés de décon
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INTRODUCTIONPhysical and chemical m
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONConsumption
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INTRODUCTIONmm screen shows that fr
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INTRODUCTIONseparate the grain into
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Table 7 : toxicological evaluation
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INTRODUCTIONextrusion parameters ra
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INTRODUCTION- an important loss of
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INTRODUCTIONal., 2005). The fate of
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INTRODUCTIONby a steeping period. S
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INTRODUCTIONon cell tissue cultures
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INTRODUCTIONCONCLUSIONDetoxificatio
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INTRODUCTIONMycotoxin Reduction in
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONMycotoxin-p
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INTRODUCTIONI. ADSORPTION OF MYCOTO
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Rats3000 ppb 0.5 %2500 ppb 0.5 %250
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INTRODUCTIONIn studies of the poten
Page 108 and 109: INTRODUCTIONSubstances investigated
Page 110 and 111: Table 9 : Outcome of yeast cell wal
Page 112 and 113: INTRODUCTIONFurthermore, cholestyra
Page 114 and 115: INTRODUCTIONwall peptidoglycans and
Page 116 and 117: INTRODUCTIONII. BIOLOGICAL DETOXIFI
Page 118 and 119: INTRODUCTIONdecrease in toxin-conce
Page 120 and 121: INTRODUCTIONCONCLUSIONPrevention an
Page 122 and 123: TRAVAILEXPERIMENTAL90
Page 124 and 125: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALtoxicité gén
Page 126 and 127: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALRESUME DES ETUD
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Page 140 and 141: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALChronic ingesti
Page 142 and 143: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALINTRODUCTIONMyc
Page 144 and 145: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALMATERIAL & METH
Page 146 and 147: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALthrough a grade
Page 148 and 149: Figure 5ABCDVilli height (µm)5432a
Page 150 and 151: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALRESULTS1) Histo
Page 152 and 153: Figure 8ILEUM2.01.6TNF-αbbb2.52.0I
Page 154 and 155: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL3) Intestinal i
Page 156 and 157: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALtreated group t
Page 160 and 161: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALQuantification
Page 162 and 163: Figure 10 :(a) Réaction de deesté
Page 164 and 165: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALrévélé de l
Page 166 and 167: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALABSTRACTFumonis
Page 168 and 169: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALintestinal leve
Page 170 and 171: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL3) Experimental
Page 172 and 173: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALthe importance
Page 174 and 175: Figure 11 : Effects of FB1 and HFB1
Page 176 and 177: Table 15 : Effects of FB1 and HFB1
Page 178 and 179: Table 17 : Effects of FB1 and HFB1
Page 180 and 181: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALDISCUSSIONThe a
Page 182 and 183: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALassociated lymp
Page 184 and 185: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALHartinger et al
Page 186 and 187: Figure 13 :(a) Transformation par v
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Page 190 and 191: Figure 15 :Plan expérimental de la
Page 192 and 193: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL4) Analyses du
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Page 196 and 197: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALRESULTATS1) Eff
Page 198 and 199: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL2) Effet des ag
Page 200 and 201: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALb,cca,ba,b,da,d
Page 202 and 203: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALL’exposition
Page 204 and 205: Figure 21 : Effet de l’exposition
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALDISCUSSIONLes o
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALœdèmes pulmon
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DISCUSSIONGENERALE160
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DISCUSSION GENERALEDans ce travail
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DISCUSSION GENERALEdes vaches laiti
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Tableau 24 : Analyse de denrées ag
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DISCUSSION GENERALEet al., 2008b).
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DISCUSSION GENERALE• une réactio
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DISCUSSION GENERALE2. Les systèmes
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DISCUSSION GENERALEMycoplasma agala
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DISCUSSION GENERALEoptimale. Les au
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DISCUSSION GENERALEsphingomyéline
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DISCUSSION GENERALEsignalisation ce
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DISCUSSION GENERALEL’IMMUNITÉ IN
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DISCUSSION GENERALEplus spécifique
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DISCUSSION GENERALEsouligner que le
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DISCUSSION GENERALELA CARBOXYLESTER
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DISCUSSION GENERALEde HFB1. Toutefo
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CONCLUSIONS184
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CONCLUSIONSLes effets d’expositio
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CONCLUSIONSest utilisée lorsque la
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESAABDEL-W
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESBHANDARI
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESCASADO,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESDEGIRMEN
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESETIENNE,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESGRENIER,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESHERZALLA
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESKERKADI,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESKUMAR, M
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESMARZOCCO
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESODHAV, B
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESPFOHL-LE
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESREFAI, M
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESSCHWARTZ
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESSWANSON,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESVEKIRU,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESYAN, D.,
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