Effet chez le porcelet d'une exposition à un régime co-contaminé en ...

INTRODUCTIONINTERACTION BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT MYCOTOXINSMost of the published papers, which are dealing with the effect of mycotoxin multi-contaminationon animals, concern aflatoxins (62/112 reports). The main mycotoxins investigated in associationwith aflatoxins are fumonisins (16 reports), ochratoxin A (19 reports), and trichothecenes (16reports), especially T-2 toxin (11 reports). The other important interactions involved ochratoxin A andcitrinin (11 reports), and, fumonisins and moniliformin (7 reports). Despite the high occurrence ofmycotoxins from Fusarium spp., only few studies have investigated the interaction betweenFusariotoxins (23 reports).I. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AFLATOXINS AND OTHER MYCOTOXINS1) Interaction between Aflatoxins (AF) and Fumonisins (FB)a) effects of AF and FB on zootechnical parametersAs displayed in the Table 1, this association of mycotoxins resulted most of the time in asynergistic effect on body weight gain (Dilkin et al., 2003; Harvey et al., 1995b; Miazzo et al., 2005;Ogido et al., 2004; Orsi et al., 2007; Pozzi et al., 2001; Tessari et al., 2006; Theumer et al., 2008).Surprisingly, Pozzi et al. (2001) reported an increase and an antagonistic interaction on body weightgain when rats were fed both AF and FB.Reduced egg production and egg weight is one of the effects of aflatoxicosis in laying hens. Inquails, one study reported an antagonistic effect of AF and FB on egg production (Table 1).Surprisingly, egg production was reduced in animals fed FB-contaminated diet, and this effect waspartially spared when animals received AF+FB contaminated diet (Ogido et al., 2004).b) effects AF and FB on biochemical parameters and organs weightSeveral experiments have measured enzyme concentrations in the serum of animals fed muticontaminateddiets, in order to investigate tissue damage, especially the liver. The levels ofmycotoxins used in these reports were moderate to high, and therefore induced organ injuries,physiologically translated by increase of these biomarkers. The lack of response in some experimentsis due to the low doses of mycotoxins used (Del Bianchi et al., 2005). Overall, association of AF andFB induced a significant increase of the serum levels of AST, ALP, ALT and GGT (synergistic or additiveeffect, Table 1). Such increase in enzymatic activity can be attributed to cell necrosis, changes in cellmembrane permeability or impairment of biliary excretion. This strong hepato-biliary dysfunction24