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INTRODUCTIONPhysical and chemical methods for mycotoxins decontamination in maizeGRENIER, B. 1,3 , LOUREIRO-BRACARENSE 2 , A.P. & OSWALD, I.P 1 .1INRA, ToxAlim, Equipe Immuno-Mycotoxicologie, Toulouse, France.2Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Lab. Patologia Animal, Londrina, Brazil.3BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, Tulln, Austria.Address correspondence toDr Isabelle P. OswaldINRA-Unité ToxAlim180 chemin de Tournefeuille BP 9317331027 Toulouse Cedex 3Phone : +33561285480E-Mail : isabelle.oswald@toulouse.inra.fr50
INTRODUCTIONABSTRACTMycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that have been associated with toxic effects inhuman and animal. The contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem.Because of the detrimental effects of these mycotoxins, a number of strategies have been developedto prevent the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and to decontaminate and/or detoxify mycotoxincontaminated food and animal feed. These strategies include : 1) the prevention of mycotoxincontamination, 2) detoxification of mycotoxins present in food and feed and 3) inhibition ofmycotoxin absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. The present chapter mainly highlights processesinvolved in the second point, commonly classified as physical and chemical methods, and which havebeen evaluated in the maize grain chain. Efficiency and safety of these approaches are the maincriteria reported. Only a few of these methods are in practical use; this is probably due to thedifficulty to comply with the FAO requirements. In addition, no single method has the ability toremove simultaneously the wide variety of mycotoxins which may co-occur in maize.51
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AUTEUR : Bertrand GRENIERTITRE : Ef
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REMERCIEMENTSLe travail ici présen
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J’ai une pensée particulière po
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Grenier, B., Loureiro-Bracarense, A
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TABLE DES MATIERES ................
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LISTE DES ABREVIATIONSAFAflatoxineD
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FIGURES ET TABLEAUXFigure 1 : Mycot
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INTRODUCTION8
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INTRODUCTIONCONTEXTE DE L’ETUDELe
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INTRODUCTIONElle se présentait sou
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INTRODUCTIONl’utilisation de ce m
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INTRODUCTION1. Les mycotoxines : g
Page 26 and 27: INTRODUCTIONc) La zéaralénone (vo
Page 28 and 29: INTRODUCTIONleucoencéphalomalacies
Page 30 and 31: INTRODUCTIONMycotoxins co-contamina
Page 32 and 33: INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONFood safety
Page 34 and 35: INTRODUCTIONCHARACTERIZATION OF THE
Page 36 and 37: Quail(140 d)AF-FBRabbit(21 d)AF-FBR
Page 38 and 39: INTRODUCTIONdue to the ingestion of
Page 40 and 41: Table 2 : Interaction between Aflat
Page 42 and 43: (49 d) - RW-L ↗- Ab SRBC ↘- RW-
Page 44 and 45: INTRODUCTIONb) effects AF and OTA o
Page 46 and 47: INTRODUCTIONThe depletion of lympho
Page 48 and 49: AF-T2Chicken 0.3 - 3.0(35 d)AF-T2Ra
Page 50 and 51: INTRODUCTIONonly seen in birds give
Page 52 and 53: (30 d) 2AF-RUBGuinea pig 0.02 bw -(
Page 54 and 55: INTRODUCTIONbetween AF and CPA on t
Page 56 and 57: (21 day) - RBC, hemoglobin ↗- AST
Page 58 and 59: INTRODUCTIONII. INTERACTIONS BETWEE
Page 60 and 61: INTRODUCTIONwhereas in the experime
Page 62 and 63: INTRODUCTION2.2) TCT type A and BTw
Page 64 and 65: Table 6 : Interaction between Ochra
Page 66 and 67: T2-CPAChicken(28 d)T2-CPAChicken(21
Page 68 and 69: INTRODUCTIONexposed group (Brown et
Page 70 and 71: INTRODUCTION2.3) Interaction betwee
Page 72 and 73: INTRODUCTIONeffects in comparison t
Page 74 and 75: INTRODUCTION3. Procédés de décon
Page 78 and 79: INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONConsumption
Page 80 and 81: INTRODUCTIONmm screen shows that fr
Page 82 and 83: INTRODUCTIONseparate the grain into
Page 84 and 85: Table 7 : toxicological evaluation
Page 86 and 87: INTRODUCTIONextrusion parameters ra
Page 88 and 89: INTRODUCTION- an important loss of
Page 90 and 91: INTRODUCTIONal., 2005). The fate of
Page 92 and 93: INTRODUCTIONby a steeping period. S
Page 94 and 95: INTRODUCTIONon cell tissue cultures
Page 96 and 97: INTRODUCTIONCONCLUSIONDetoxificatio
Page 98 and 99: INTRODUCTIONMycotoxin Reduction in
Page 100 and 101: INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONMycotoxin-p
Page 102 and 103: INTRODUCTIONI. ADSORPTION OF MYCOTO
Page 104 and 105: Rats3000 ppb 0.5 %2500 ppb 0.5 %250
Page 106 and 107: INTRODUCTIONIn studies of the poten
Page 108 and 109: INTRODUCTIONSubstances investigated
Page 110 and 111: Table 9 : Outcome of yeast cell wal
Page 112 and 113: INTRODUCTIONFurthermore, cholestyra
Page 114 and 115: INTRODUCTIONwall peptidoglycans and
Page 116 and 117: INTRODUCTIONII. BIOLOGICAL DETOXIFI
Page 118 and 119: INTRODUCTIONdecrease in toxin-conce
Page 120 and 121: INTRODUCTIONCONCLUSIONPrevention an
Page 122 and 123: TRAVAILEXPERIMENTAL90
Page 124 and 125: TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALtoxicité gén
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALRESUME DES ETUD
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These are not the final page number
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALChronic ingesti
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALINTRODUCTIONMyc
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALMATERIAL & METH
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALthrough a grade
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Figure 5ABCDVilli height (µm)5432a
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALRESULTS1) Histo
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Figure 8ILEUM2.01.6TNF-αbbb2.52.0I
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL3) Intestinal i
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALtreated group t
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALThe potencial e
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALQuantification
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Figure 10 :(a) Réaction de deesté
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALrévélé de l
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALABSTRACTFumonis
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALintestinal leve
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL3) Experimental
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALthe importance
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Figure 11 : Effects of FB1 and HFB1
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Table 15 : Effects of FB1 and HFB1
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Table 17 : Effects of FB1 and HFB1
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALDISCUSSIONThe a
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALassociated lymp
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALHartinger et al
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Figure 13 :(a) Transformation par v
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Figure 14 :Illustrations de la proc
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Figure 15 :Plan expérimental de la
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL4) Analyses du
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL9) Analyses sta
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALRESULTATS1) Eff
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTAL2) Effet des ag
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALb,cca,ba,b,da,d
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALL’exposition
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Figure 21 : Effet de l’exposition
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1,41,21,00,80,60,40,20,0IL‐8a,cc
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALDISCUSSIONLes o
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TRAVAIL EXPERIMENTALœdèmes pulmon
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DISCUSSIONGENERALE160
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DISCUSSION GENERALEDans ce travail
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DISCUSSION GENERALEdes vaches laiti
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Tableau 24 : Analyse de denrées ag
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DISCUSSION GENERALEet al., 2008b).
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DISCUSSION GENERALE• une réactio
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DISCUSSION GENERALE2. Les systèmes
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DISCUSSION GENERALEMycoplasma agala
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DISCUSSION GENERALEoptimale. Les au
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DISCUSSION GENERALEsphingomyéline
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DISCUSSION GENERALEsignalisation ce
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DISCUSSION GENERALEL’IMMUNITÉ IN
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DISCUSSION GENERALEplus spécifique
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DISCUSSION GENERALEsouligner que le
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DISCUSSION GENERALELA CARBOXYLESTER
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DISCUSSION GENERALEde HFB1. Toutefo
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CONCLUSIONS184
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CONCLUSIONSLes effets d’expositio
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CONCLUSIONSest utilisée lorsque la
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESAABDEL-W
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESBHANDARI
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESCASADO,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESDEGIRMEN
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESETIENNE,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESGRENIER,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESHERZALLA
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESKERKADI,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESKUMAR, M
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESMARZOCCO
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESODHAV, B
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESPFOHL-LE
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESREFAI, M
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESSCHWARTZ
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESSWANSON,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESVEKIRU,
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESYAN, D.,
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