Effet chez le porcelet d'une exposition à un régime co-contaminé en ...

INTRODUCTIONd) Washing with sodium carbonate solutionWashing methods take advantage of the fact that mycotoxins are primarly found on the outersurface of grains, but also involve contamination of commodities by soluble mycotoxins. In addition,sodium carbonate is inexpensive, widely available, and nontoxic to humans and animals. A simplemethod to reduce Fusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, has beenproposed by Trenholm et al. (1992), where simple washing procedures, using distilled water orsodium carbonate solutions were applied in corn contaminated samples. Authors reported for corncontaminated with deoxynivalenol at 25 mg/kg, a removal from the grain (69-95% reduction) aftersoaking in a solution of sodium carbonate (0.1M) for 24-72h. Mycotoxin removal increased withincreased soaking time. A substantial reduction in zearalenone levels (87%) was also observed oncontaminated corn washed with 1M sodium carbonate solution for 30 minutes (Trenholm et al.,1992). ZEA is a weak phenolic acid whose solubility is greatly enhanced in alkaline conditions assodium carbonate solution.In a feeding trial, this procedure was shown to be effective in reducing the toxicity of Fusariumcontaminatedcorn when fed to growing pigs, as measured by the increase in daily feed consumptionand weight gains (Rotter et al., 1995). By contrast, Bennet et al. (1980) reported that sodiumbicarbonate had no effect on the ZEA concentration of naturally or artificially contaminated corn.e) DehullingDehulling is a milling technique that removes the outer layers of grain by abrasion. One of theearly practices of African food preparation was manual dehulling of grain before grinding. Thispractice is no longer in common use except in few countries, and has been replaced by use ofmechanical disc dehullers on a commercial and semi-commercial scale. The efficacy of this proceduredepends on the degree of fungal penetration into the kernel.The outer layers are most susceptible to fungal attack and aflatoxins accumulation. A reduction of92% in aflatoxin levels was reported after a physical dehulling procedure in contaminated maize(Siwela et al., 2005). The same reduction level of aflatoxin content in naturally contaminated maizewas obtained using “muthokoi”, a traditional dehulled maize dish prepared in Kenya (Mutungi et al.,2008).f) MillingMilling is traditionally used for grain processing. We can distinguish two milling processes : dryand wet milling, the latter being the major milling process used for maize. This method allows to55