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57 Ibid, Article 47.<br />

58 E Luard, op cit, p98.<br />

59 UNSCR 1 (1946) 26 Jan 1946. On line at http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/<br />

doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/036/64/IMG/NR003664.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed 2 Aug 04.<br />

60 Id.<br />

61 E Luard, op cit, pp 98-105.<br />

62 UNSCR 665 (1990), 25 Aug 1990. On line at http://ods-ddsny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/575/15/IMG/NR057515.pdf?OpenElement.<br />

Accessed 2 Aug<br />

04.<br />

63 B Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace. Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-keeping,<br />

United Nations Document A/47/277-S/24111 dated 17 Jun 1992. Para 3. On line at<br />

http://www.un.org/Docs/SG/agpeace.html. Accessed 3 Aug 04.<br />

64 Ibid, Para 43.<br />

65 K Annan, Identical Transmittal Letters to the President of the Security Council and President of the<br />

General Assembly covering the Report of the High-Level Panel on United Nations Peace Operations, 21<br />

Aug 2000. On line at http://www.un.org/peace/reports/peace_operations/. Accessed 3 Aug 04.<br />

66 Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations (The Brahimi Report), UN Document A<br />

55/305 – S 2000/809. On line at http://www.un.org/peace/reports/peace_operations/. Accessed 3 Aug<br />

04.<br />

67 Id.<br />

68 Id.<br />

69 Id.<br />

70 R Holbrooke cited in T Deen, ‘UN Peacekeeping’, Janes Defence Weekly, 8 Nov 2000, p25.<br />

71 UN General Assembly Resolution 51/243, UN Document A/RES/51/243 15 September 1997. On line<br />

at http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/51/a51r243.htm. Accessed 3 Aug 04.<br />

72 UN DPKO, United Nations Standby Arrangements System. On line at<br />

http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/milad/fgs2/unsas_files/sba.htm. Accessed 4 Aug 04.<br />

73 UN DPKO, UNSAS Current Status. On line at http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/milad/fgs2/unsas_files/<br />

status_report/statusreport.htm. Accessed 5 Feb 08.<br />

74 A C Arend and R J Beck, International Law and the Use of Force. Beyond the UN Charter Paradigm<br />

(London: Routeledge, 1993).<br />

75 Ibid, p179 and pp 6-10.<br />

76 Cited ibid p16.<br />

77 International Court of Justice, Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua<br />

(Nicaragua vs United States of America 1984-1991). Judgment of 27 June 1986 – Merits. On-line at<br />

http://212.153.43.18/icjwww/icases/inus/inus_ijudgement/inus_ijudgement_19860627.pdf, accessed 11<br />

Mar 04.<br />

78 N Chomsky, ‘Commentary: Moral Truisms, Empirical Evidence, and Foreign Policy’ in Review of<br />

International Studies Vol 29, No 4, Oct 2003, p612 n33.<br />

79 UN Security Council Draft Resolution S/18250 cited in A Patil, op cit p369.<br />

80 Ibid p370.<br />

81 International Court of Justice Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicaragua<br />

vs United States of America 1984-1991). Order of 26 September 1991. On-line at<br />

http://212/153.43.18/icjwww/icases/inus/inus_iorders/inus_iorder_19910926.pdf. Accessed 14 Mar 04.<br />

82 J M Smith, Nicaragua v. the United States of America. Military and Paramilitary Activities in and<br />

against Nicaragua. International Court of justice, 1984-1986. Notes by James McCall Smith. (George<br />

Washington University). On-line at www.gwu.edu/~jaysmith/Nicaragua.html. Accessed 23 Mar 04.<br />

83 US State Department Legal Adviser Abram Sofaer, ‘The United States and the World Court’, US Dept<br />

of State, Current Policy, No 769, Dec 1985, cited in Chomsky, N, op cit, p612.<br />

84 Reservations drawn up by Republican Senators to the Treaty of Peace with Germany, November 1919.<br />

Geneva Library UNOG: The History of the League of Nations. On-line at<br />

http://www.unog.ch/library/archives/lon/library/Docs/usres.html. Accessed 13 Apr 04.<br />

85 President George W Bush, 2004 State of the Union Address, 20 Jan 2004. At<br />

http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/01/print/20040120-7.html. Accessed 22 Jan 04.<br />

86 US Withdrawal from Proceedings Initiated by Nicaragua in the International Court of Justice, Jan 1985.<br />

On line at http://www.gwu.edu/~jaysmith/nicuswd.html. Accessed on 23 Jan 04.<br />

154

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