CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY DAREN BOWYER JUST WAR DOCTRINE

137
Maj Gen A Stewart, Policy and the Use of Force, address at the Royal United Services Institute,
London 18 Jul 06.
138
Lord Goldsmith, The Law and Modern Conflict, address at the Royal United Services Institute,
London 18 Jul 06.
139
L Freedman, op cit.
140
M Kaldor, New Wars, p124-131 and expanded in a presentation to the Cambridge International Studies
Association, Trinity College, Cambridge, 13 March 2001 .
141
Maj Gen J Riley, The Use of Force: Operational Experiences from Bosnia and Iraq, address at the
Royal United Services Institute, London 18 Jul 06.
142
Ibid.
143
Lt Gen F R Viggers, op cit, p3.
144
P Archer, ‘Very Special Soldier Receives the VC’, The Independent, London, 28 Apr 05. Online at
http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article3725.ece. Accessed 9 Sep 06.
145
H Münkler, op cit (Cambridge: Polity, 2005), p21.
146 Ibid, pp21-22.
147 Ibid, p17.
148 Mary Kaldor, ‘A Sociologists’ View’ talk to What is War? discussion group as part of Leverhulme
Programme on the Changing Character of War, University of Oxford 2 Mar 2004. Transcript on-line at
http://ccw.politics.ox.ac.uk/What_is_War.asp, accessed 18 May 2004
149 P W Singer, ‘Outsourcing War’ in Foreign Affairs (84:2) March/April 2005, p120.
150 Michael Byers, War Law; International Law and Armed Conflict (London: Atlantic Books, 2005),
pp118-119.
151
‘Briefing: Private Military Companies’ in Janes Defence Weekly, 22 May 2002, p23.
152
Paul Jackson, ‘War is Much too Serious a Thing to be Left to Military Men’: Private Military
Companies, Combat and Regulation’ in Civil Wars Vol 5 No 4, Winter 2002, 34.
153
See Aegis corporate web-site: http://www.aegisworld.com/. Accessed 5 Jan 07.
154
P W Singer, op cit, p124.
155
See, for example, CNN.com report, Blackwater Chief Disputes ‘Negative and Baseless Allegations’.
online at www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/01/02/blackwater/index.html. Accessed 13 Jan 08.
156
Paul Jackson, op cit.
157 P W Singer, op cit.
158 Kevin A O’Brien ‘Licence to Kill. Private Military Companies: Britain’s Options for Regulation’ in
The World Today, August/September 2003, pp37-39.
159 For a detailed examination of the issue see the website of the UN Office of the Special Representative
of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict, at http://www.un.org/special-rep/childrenarmed-conflict/index.htm.
Accessed 13 Aug 06. Also PW Singer, ‘Caution: Children at War’ in
Parameters, Winter 2001-02, pp. 40-56.
http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/01winter/singer.htm. Accessed 13 Aug 06.
160 W Shawcross, Deliver us From Evil; Warlords and Peacekeepers in a World of Endless Conflict
(London: Bloomsbury Publishing, paperback edition 2001), p343.
161 Major J Coote DSO cited in R Holmes, op cit, p224.
162 Trooper K Boon, cited ibid, p317.
163 Human Rights Watch, Stop the Use of Child Soldiers. Online at
http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/crp/facts.htm. Accessed 31 Dec 06.
164 Herfried Münkler op cit, p18.
165 Ibid, p78.
166 Major Jim Gray RM, Experiences in Sierra Leone, Presentation to USMC Center for Emerging
Threats and Opportunities, 4 June 2002.
167 UN, Website of the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and
Armed Conflict: http://www.un.org/children/conflict/english/home6.html. Accessed 31 Dec 06.
168 Michael Ignatieff, The Warriors Honour (London: Chatto & Windus, 1998) pp127-128
169 Major Jim Gray, op cit, and personal discussions with the author Oct 2003- Jul 2004.
170 Michael Skerker, ‘Just War Criteria and the New Face of War: Human Shields, Manufactures Martyrs,
and Little Boys with Stones’ in Journal of Military Ethics (2004) 3(1), pp27-39. (A version of the paper
was presented at JSCOPE 2002).
318