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Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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PUNCTUATION<br />

USE SEMICOLONS IF COMMAS MIGHT CAUSE A SENTENCE<br />

TO BE MISREAD OR OTHERWISE DIFFICULT TO FOLLOW<br />

Even when elements are not subdivided, commas sometimes would<br />

not suffice <strong>to</strong> mark the divisions between them. For example, what<br />

if you came across a description like the following in some assembly<br />

instructions:<br />

Part A attaches <strong>to</strong> B, C and D attach <strong>to</strong>E, and F attaches <strong>to</strong> G.<br />

It would be very easy <strong>to</strong> mistake B, C and D for a series; that is,<br />

<strong>to</strong> start reading the sentence as Part A attaches <strong>to</strong> B, C and D.<br />

<strong>The</strong> rest of the sentence then falls apart: . . . attach <strong>to</strong> E, and F<br />

attaches <strong>to</strong> G (??). A second pass would probably set you straight,<br />

but no sentence should have <strong>to</strong> be read twice <strong>to</strong> be clear. Semicolons<br />

would prevent any confusion, ensuring that each clause is kept<br />

distinct from the others.<br />

Part A attaches <strong>to</strong> B; C and D attach <strong>to</strong>E; and F attaches <strong>to</strong> G.<br />

RECOMMENDATION: IF YOU FEEL A COMMA WOULD NOT<br />

BE STRONG ENOUGH, USE A SEMICOLON INSTEAD<br />

EVEN IF IT IS NOT TECHNICALLY REQUIRED<br />

Normally, independent clauses linked by a conjunction are separated<br />

with a comma. However, if an independent clause contains any<br />

internal commas, you may sometimes choose <strong>to</strong> use a semicolon as<br />

the separa<strong>to</strong>r instead. As with a series that contains subelements,<br />

the purpose is <strong>to</strong> make it immediately clear <strong>to</strong> the reader where one<br />

main element ends and the next begins. For example:<br />

It is often useful <strong>to</strong> discuss your research ideas with others before you<br />

begin <strong>to</strong> write, as the questions that arise from the discussion may help<br />

clarify things in your own mind. Your consultants may be experts in<br />

your field, or they may know nothing of its methods and assumptions;<br />

they may be familiar with your particular research project, or they may<br />

be completely unacquainted with it; and they may be seasoned<br />

investiga<strong>to</strong>rs or just starting out their own careers.<br />

Similarly, at times you may decide <strong>to</strong> use a semicolon simply<br />

because the elements in a series are long. Given that commas perform<br />

so many functions, it may not always be immediately apparent what<br />

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