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Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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GRAMMAR<br />

It may be necessary <strong>to</strong> either add or subtract items from this list.<br />

If different words in a sentence take different prepositions, each<br />

preposition must be included. Writers often simply let the preposition<br />

that comes last serve for all, without checking <strong>to</strong> see if it's<br />

appropriate. In this example, it's not: You can't add somethingjrom<br />

something.<br />

BETTER: It may be necessary <strong>to</strong> either add items <strong>to</strong> or subtract them<br />

from this list.<br />

Courses are offered in spring, summer and in fall.<br />

When the same preposition applies <strong>to</strong> a series of elements, it may<br />

be either repeated for each one or used just once-but you must<br />

be consistent. Don't include it for some items and drop it for others.<br />

BETTER: Courses are offered in spring, in summer and in fall.<br />

OR: Courses are offered in spring, summer and fall.<br />

<strong>The</strong> more concise version would usually be preferred, but you<br />

may sometimes for reasons of style decide <strong>to</strong> go with the repetition.<br />

<strong>The</strong> revised plan called for lower salaries, operating budgets and longer<br />

hours.<br />

<strong>The</strong> adjective lower is intended <strong>to</strong> apply <strong>to</strong> the first two elements,<br />

but fails <strong>to</strong> connect with the second one because the next element<br />

(hours) takes a different adjective. In fact, the sentence is ambiguous:<br />

if lower is taken <strong>to</strong> apply only <strong>to</strong> salaries, a reader could assume<br />

that the plan calls not for a lower operating budget, but for its<br />

creation-that is, that no such budget existed up till now.<br />

BETTER: <strong>The</strong> revised plan called for lower salaries, lower operating<br />

budgets and longer hours.<br />

OR: <strong>The</strong> revised plan called for lower salaries and operating budgets, and<br />

longer hours.<br />

Writers who work on a freelance basis don't get steady paychecks, but<br />

one has the advantage of extra tax breaks.<br />

<strong>The</strong> sentence switches from the plural noun writers <strong>to</strong> the singular<br />

pronoun one.<br />

BETTER: Writers who work on a freelance basis don't get steady<br />

paychecks, but they have the advantage of extra tax breaks.<br />

OR: As a freelance writer, one doesn't get a steady paycheck, but one<br />

has the advantage of extra tax breaks.<br />

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