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Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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PUNCTUATION<br />

Put semicolons between all main elements in a series even if only<br />

one of them contains internal commas. That is, be consistent: Don't<br />

use a semicolon just in the one place where it seems <strong>to</strong> be needed,<br />

and commas elsewhere.<br />

<strong>The</strong> competition drew contestants from Georgia and Alabama in the<br />

south; New York, New Hampshire and Connecticut in the northeast;<br />

and Oregon in the northwest.<br />

USE A SEMICOLON TO SEPARATE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES<br />

THAT ARE LINKED BY CONJUNCTION-LIKE WORDS<br />

Certain words and phrases act like conjunctions in that they establish<br />

a relationship between clauses, but they are not conjunctions. (Actually,<br />

they are categorized as adverbs, because they modify the words<br />

they are associated with.) <strong>The</strong>ir defining characteristic is that they<br />

indicate a particular relationship between the information they belong<br />

with and information elsewhere. A scan of the list below (which<br />

is by no means complete) should make this trait clear.<br />

accordingly for example instead otherwise<br />

afterwards furthermore later preferably<br />

also hence likewise rather<br />

anyway however meantime similarly<br />

as a result ideally meanwhile specifically<br />

besides in brief moreover still<br />

certainly in conclusion namely subsequently<br />

consequently in contrast nevertheless that is <strong>to</strong> say<br />

conversely in fact next then<br />

currently in short nonetheless therefore<br />

earlier in particular notwithstanding thus<br />

eventually indeed on the other hand <strong>to</strong> wit<br />

finally initially ordinarily understandably<br />

Any of these words or phrases can act as an introduc<strong>to</strong>ry element<br />

<strong>to</strong> a clause, and many of them can also appear either embedded in<br />

the middle as a parenthetical element or at the end as a concluding<br />

element. In all these positions, they usually would be set off by<br />

commas.<br />

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