Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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The following sentences contain squinting modifiers: GRAMMAR The gallery that was featured in the evening news recently had another major exhibit. The gallery was recently featured, or it recently had an exhibit? BETTER: The gallery that recently was featured in the evening news had another major exhibit. OR: The gallery that was featured in the news had another major exhibit recently. He liked immensely sugary desserts. He liked such desserts immensely, or he liked his desserts immensely sugary? BETTER: He had an immense liking for sugary desserts. OR: He liked desserts that were immensely sugary. The tramp being asked to leave nastily replied that he was within his rights to be there. Who was speaking nastily: the tramp or the person asking him to leave? BETTER: The tramp being asked to leave replied nastily that he was within his rights to be there. OR: Upon being asked nastily to leave, the tramp replied that he was within his rights to be there. 237
Pronouns Pronouns-stand-ins for nouns-are frequent stumbling blocks in English. We all know that a bull is he, a toaster is it and something that belongs to the Joneses is theirs, but some constructions are considerably dicier. This section looks at the following issues: • Using the correct form of a pronoun • Ensuring that a pronoun refers to the right antecedent • Ensuring that a pronoun agrees with its antecedent USING THE CORRECT FORM For many weeks he pressed in vain His nose against the window-pane, And envied those who walked about Reducing their unwanted stout. None of the people he could see "Is quite" (he said) "as fat as mel" Then, with a still more moving sigh, "I mean" (he said) "as fat as II" A.A. MILNE, When We Were Very Young Pronouns, unlike nouns, change form (case) depending on what role they play in a sentence. You would say Ethelbert gave a CD player to Henrietta and Henrietta gave a CD player to Ethelbert, but if the names were replaced by pronouns, these sentences would be He gave a CD player to her and She gave a CD player to him. There are three cases: subjective, objective and possessive. A pronoun that represents the actor in a sentence is called the subject and takes the subjective case: for example, l will be late. A pronoun 238
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The WRITER'S ESSENTIAL GUIDE to pun
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C R E D T S American Psychological
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The En Dash 162 2-Em and 3-Em Dashe
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Readers may wish to know when to sa
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P A R T 0 N E Spelling In this age
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Misspellings COMMONLY :MISPELLED WO
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SPELLING Haemorrhage and manoeuvre
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SPELLING may spell these words the
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SPELLING Did you spot the errors in
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The car comes with duel airbags. Th
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SPELLING it doesn't, the ending wil
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SPELLING Philbert knew he would hav
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SPELLING effect these might have on
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SPELLING EIAE, OE For words origina
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SPELLING alternate spellings is the
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Hyphenation I worked with [William
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a dead on guess/a dead pan manner d
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SPELLING If one part of a compound
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SPELLING tively) unique constructio
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SPELLING With a fraction that inclu
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Frequently Misused Words Homonyms (
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PROBLEM WORDS common usages for eac
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PROBLEM WORDS Parents are assured t
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PROBLEM WORDS things that make a re
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PROBLEM WORDS fairness, some words
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ight of way passerby rights of way
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SOME WORDS OF ITALIAN ORIGIN THAT E
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PROBLEM WORDS HEBREW WORDS ADD IM (
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COUNTER- DE- DIS- DYS- E- Opposite
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PROBLEM WORDS construction (uncommu
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P A R T T H R E E Punctuation The w
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Basic Sentence Structure In order t
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The storekeeper/looked at the money
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SENTENCE FRAGl\1ENT PUNCTUATION A s
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PUNCTUATION The commas in the follo
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In Part II of the exam, answer ques
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PUNCTUATION Exception If both the i
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PUNCTUATION If no comma appeared af
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PUNCTUATION She waited impatiently
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PUNCTUATION SETTING OFF PARENTHETIC
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PUNCTUATION Exception If a parenthe
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PUNCTUATION Zelda apparently has on
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For example, compare the following
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PUNCTUATION Ensure that the power s
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PUNCTUATION The panel consisted of
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She wore a pale green dress. [pale
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PUNCTUATION Do not set a quoted ele
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Semicolon (;) It was her prose that
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PUNCTUATION Put semicolons between
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PUNCTUATION USE SEMICOLONS IF COMMA
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PUNCTUATION this disk; and the revi
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PUNCTUATION intentions, but on its
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Colon(:) The colon acts as a signal
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PUNCTUATION Only one thing would sa
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PUNCTUATION reconcile the last sent
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PUNCTUATION Aside from the impact o
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PUNCTUATION • With regard to capi
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DON)T INCLUDE A PERIOD FORA GRAMMAT
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PUNCTUATION If you are not obliged
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PUNCTUATION GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Opti
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Here are the topics that will be co
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PUNCTUATION Of course St John River
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PUNCTUATION Muriel said, "Once I wa
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INDICATING UNCERTAINTY PUNCTUATION
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'Are you guilty?' said Winston. PUN
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DRAWING ATTENTION TO A POINT PUNCTU
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Hyphen(-) This section looks at the
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No a-do i-vy i-dea tax-i a-bout e-n
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Consider the following sets of word
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PUNCTUATION This sentence is fine i
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PUNCTUATION DO NOT USE A HYPHEN WHE
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The salesman was fast-talking. The
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PUNCTUATION 'So he is, to be sure,'
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Slash(/) The slash (also known as t
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PUNCTUATION The tent offers suitabl
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PUNCTUATION Dalgliesh said: " 'Now
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• Working in digressions • Maki
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PUNCTUATION if you ask me, but that
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PUNCTUATION BETTER: A validity coef
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PUNCTUATION • It is permissible t
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Dashes Dashes come in several sizes
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PUNCTUATION Several of the neighbor
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PUNCTUATION but I am sure that you
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And when I found the door was shut,
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"How was I supposed to-" she sputte
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PUNCTUATION the discussions of the
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PUNCTUATION a quote. Another use is
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PUNCTUATION or editorial comment, i
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PUNCTUATION words italics mine, ita
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PUNCTUATION By Mrs Hurst and Miss B
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"Aces drawn after a deuce are high?
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PUNCTUATION 'Oh, but I think,' said
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PUNCTUATION it would look as if the
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it in quotation marks to alert the
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PUNCTUATION 6s and the closing ones
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PUNCTUATION Perhaps it would be bet
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ORIGINAL QuoTATION: Dear Theo, PUNC
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Page 210 and 211: P A R T F 0 U R Grammar The very me
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Page 216 and 217: GRAMMAR but that would slightly alt
Page 218 and 219: Pat, like the others, was determine
Page 220 and 221: DISTRACTING PREDICATE NOUNS GRAMMAR
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Page 224 and 225: Headquarters~ waiting for an answer
Page 226 and 227: GRAMMAR A generation ago, no one in
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Page 230 and 231: GRAMMAR that constitute a multimedi
Page 232 and 233: Achieving Parallel Structure The ve
Page 234 and 235: GRAMMAR The bankruptcy proceedings
Page 236 and 237: GRAMMAR It may be necessary to eith
Page 238 and 239: GRAMMAR action will follow; for exa
Page 240 and 241: GRAMMAR Rebecca seizing life with h
Page 242 and 243: GRAMMAR Dangling modifiers occur wh
Page 244 and 245: GRAMMAR The suspect's condition was
Page 248 and 249: GRAMMAR that represents the entity
Page 250 and 251: GRAMMAR should be obvious that you
Page 252 and 253: GRAMMAR 4. Old King Cole was a merr
Page 254 and 255: GRAMMAR WHEN DO YOU USE WHO AND WHE
Page 256 and 257: GRAMMAR of spider; hence, it is not
Page 258 and 259: GRAMMAR • Its is the possessive o
Page 260 and 261: GRAMMAR Although the termjree-jorma
Page 262 and 263: AGREEMENT BETWEEN PRONOUN AND ANTEC
Page 264 and 265: GRAMMAR • Collective nouns are th
Page 266 and 267: GRAMMAR person plural. Many readers
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Page 270 and 271: GRAMMAR Virtually every modern styl
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Page 280 and 281: STYLE In some cases, if a person or
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STYLE PASSIVE: The letter received
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STYLE car is traded in every jour y
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STYLE not unintentionally distract
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STYLE BETIER: The following are sug
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STYLE Would any writer describe a p
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STYLE Many modern readers would not
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STYLE The clinician can play an imp
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STYLE Obviously you cannot use this
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Writing With Finesse BEN . ... But
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STYLE ensure randorrmess), and calc
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inwardleaning heads, smoking steadi
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STYLE behind altering them can be d
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STYLE of these types of help while
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STYLE First paragraph: Introductory
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STYLE all situations. Therefore, re
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STYLE tation. Although it is prefer
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STYLE the accent phonetically at al
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During my first tournament, my moth
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STYLE jump out at you: illogical co
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sentence with, 262-263; subordinati
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ending in y, 43-44, 197, 199-200; o
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