Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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PUNCTUATION came to his room, inserted the key in the lock, threw the door open and entered! Good gracious, was he seeing things? But who-how-he saw the upraised arm too late .... Stars exploded in a kind of Guy Fawkes' display within his head .... STYLE CONVENTIONS -AGATHA CHRISTIE, At Bertram's Hotel • Leave spaces between the points that make up an ellipsis. That is, type them as ( ... ), not ( ... ). • An ellipsis always consists of three points, although it sometimes appears to have four. Use three points in the following situations: -In quotations, if you are omitting text in the middle of a sentence or at the beginning of the first sentence. -In dialogue, to indicate a pause in the middle of a sentence or when a sentence trails off unfinished. • A four-point ellipsis is actually a three-point ellipsis plus a period. (The marks, of course, are indistinguishable.) Use four points in the following situations: -In quotations, if you are omitting either the last part of a sentence, the beginning of a sentence other than the opening one (here, the first point is the period of the previous sentence) or an entire sentence or more. If the sentence whose last part is being omitted (or the sentence that precedes the one whose first part is being omitted) ends in a question mark or an exclamation point rather than a period, then instead of four points, use that mark plus three points. -In a one-sided telephone conversation (here, the first point is the period ending the speaker's words). -In dialogue, to indicate a pause that follows a complete sentence (here, the first point is the period ending that sentence). 189
GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT • When using an ellipsis at the end of a sentence to impart significance or suspense, some writers put down three points, and some four. • With three points, leave a space on either side of the ellipsis. With four points, place the first one immediately next to the text that precedes it. • In quotations, if you drop the first part of a sentence, you may either capitalize the word that now begins that sentence or keep it lowercase (which is truer to the original). A third option is to capitalize it and enclose the first letter in square brackets to indicate your change. For an illustration of this, see "Identifying Changes to Quoted Material" under "Brackets" on page 166. • In quotations, you may choose to either drop or retain any punctuation that immediately precedes an ellipsis, depending on whether or not it helps readability. You may, for example, find it desirable to keep a semicolon or colon that comes before the text you dropped. 190
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The WRITER'S ESSENTIAL GUIDE to pun
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C R E D T S American Psychological
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The En Dash 162 2-Em and 3-Em Dashe
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Readers may wish to know when to sa
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P A R T 0 N E Spelling In this age
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Misspellings COMMONLY :MISPELLED WO
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SPELLING Haemorrhage and manoeuvre
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SPELLING may spell these words the
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SPELLING Did you spot the errors in
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The car comes with duel airbags. Th
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SPELLING it doesn't, the ending wil
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SPELLING Philbert knew he would hav
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SPELLING effect these might have on
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SPELLING EIAE, OE For words origina
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SPELLING alternate spellings is the
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Hyphenation I worked with [William
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a dead on guess/a dead pan manner d
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SPELLING If one part of a compound
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SPELLING tively) unique constructio
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SPELLING With a fraction that inclu
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Frequently Misused Words Homonyms (
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PROBLEM WORDS common usages for eac
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PROBLEM WORDS Parents are assured t
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PROBLEM WORDS things that make a re
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PROBLEM WORDS fairness, some words
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ight of way passerby rights of way
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SOME WORDS OF ITALIAN ORIGIN THAT E
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PROBLEM WORDS HEBREW WORDS ADD IM (
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COUNTER- DE- DIS- DYS- E- Opposite
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PROBLEM WORDS construction (uncommu
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P A R T T H R E E Punctuation The w
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Basic Sentence Structure In order t
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The storekeeper/looked at the money
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SENTENCE FRAGl\1ENT PUNCTUATION A s
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PUNCTUATION The commas in the follo
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In Part II of the exam, answer ques
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PUNCTUATION Exception If both the i
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PUNCTUATION If no comma appeared af
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PUNCTUATION She waited impatiently
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PUNCTUATION SETTING OFF PARENTHETIC
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PUNCTUATION Exception If a parenthe
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PUNCTUATION Zelda apparently has on
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For example, compare the following
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PUNCTUATION Ensure that the power s
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PUNCTUATION The panel consisted of
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She wore a pale green dress. [pale
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PUNCTUATION Do not set a quoted ele
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Semicolon (;) It was her prose that
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PUNCTUATION Put semicolons between
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PUNCTUATION USE SEMICOLONS IF COMMA
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PUNCTUATION this disk; and the revi
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PUNCTUATION intentions, but on its
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Colon(:) The colon acts as a signal
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PUNCTUATION Only one thing would sa
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PUNCTUATION reconcile the last sent
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PUNCTUATION Aside from the impact o
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PUNCTUATION • With regard to capi
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DON)T INCLUDE A PERIOD FORA GRAMMAT
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PUNCTUATION If you are not obliged
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PUNCTUATION GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Opti
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Here are the topics that will be co
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PUNCTUATION Of course St John River
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PUNCTUATION Muriel said, "Once I wa
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INDICATING UNCERTAINTY PUNCTUATION
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'Are you guilty?' said Winston. PUN
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DRAWING ATTENTION TO A POINT PUNCTU
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Hyphen(-) This section looks at the
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No a-do i-vy i-dea tax-i a-bout e-n
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Consider the following sets of word
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PUNCTUATION This sentence is fine i
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PUNCTUATION DO NOT USE A HYPHEN WHE
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The salesman was fast-talking. The
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PUNCTUATION 'So he is, to be sure,'
Page 148 and 149: Slash(/) The slash (also known as t
Page 150 and 151: PUNCTUATION The tent offers suitabl
Page 152 and 153: PUNCTUATION Dalgliesh said: " 'Now
Page 154 and 155: • Working in digressions • Maki
Page 156 and 157: PUNCTUATION if you ask me, but that
Page 158 and 159: PUNCTUATION BETTER: A validity coef
Page 160 and 161: PUNCTUATION • It is permissible t
Page 162 and 163: Dashes Dashes come in several sizes
Page 164 and 165: PUNCTUATION Several of the neighbor
Page 166 and 167: PUNCTUATION but I am sure that you
Page 168 and 169: And when I found the door was shut,
Page 170 and 171: "How was I supposed to-" she sputte
Page 172 and 173: PUNCTUATION the discussions of the
Page 174 and 175: PUNCTUATION a quote. Another use is
Page 176 and 177: PUNCTUATION or editorial comment, i
Page 178 and 179: PUNCTUATION words italics mine, ita
Page 180 and 181: PUNCTUATION By Mrs Hurst and Miss B
Page 182 and 183: "Aces drawn after a deuce are high?
Page 184 and 185: PUNCTUATION 'Oh, but I think,' said
Page 186 and 187: PUNCTUATION it would look as if the
Page 188 and 189: it in quotation marks to alert the
Page 190 and 191: PUNCTUATION 6s and the closing ones
Page 192 and 193: PUNCTUATION Perhaps it would be bet
Page 194 and 195: ORIGINAL QuoTATION: Dear Theo, PUNC
Page 196 and 197: PUNCTUATION 'No, dear. Not Homer, t
Page 200 and 201: Apostrophe(') The apostrophe often
Page 202 and 203: PUNCTUATION In other cases, the con
Page 204 and 205: the people's choice the alumni's lo
Page 206 and 207: Achilles' heel Euripides' plays Gra
Page 208 and 209: \ PUNCTUATION of the term itself. W
Page 210 and 211: P A R T F 0 U R Grammar The very me
Page 212 and 213: Agreement Between Subject and Verb
Page 214 and 215: Problem Category 1: The Subject, th
Page 216 and 217: GRAMMAR but that would slightly alt
Page 218 and 219: Pat, like the others, was determine
Page 220 and 221: DISTRACTING PREDICATE NOUNS GRAMMAR
Page 222 and 223: the components are included my cous
Page 224 and 225: Headquarters~ waiting for an answer
Page 226 and 227: GRAMMAR A generation ago, no one in
Page 228 and 229: GRAMMAR realize that there is more
Page 230 and 231: GRAMMAR that constitute a multimedi
Page 232 and 233: Achieving Parallel Structure The ve
Page 234 and 235: GRAMMAR The bankruptcy proceedings
Page 236 and 237: GRAMMAR It may be necessary to eith
Page 238 and 239: GRAMMAR action will follow; for exa
Page 240 and 241: GRAMMAR Rebecca seizing life with h
Page 242 and 243: GRAMMAR Dangling modifiers occur wh
Page 244 and 245: GRAMMAR The suspect's condition was
Page 246 and 247: The following sentences contain squ
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GRAMMAR that represents the entity
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GRAMMAR should be obvious that you
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GRAMMAR 4. Old King Cole was a merr
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GRAMMAR WHEN DO YOU USE WHO AND WHE
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GRAMMAR of spider; hence, it is not
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GRAMMAR • Its is the possessive o
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GRAMMAR Although the termjree-jorma
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AGREEMENT BETWEEN PRONOUN AND ANTEC
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GRAMMAR • Collective nouns are th
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GRAMMAR person plural. Many readers
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Bugbears and Betes Noires: Some Gra
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GRAMMAR Virtually every modern styl
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GRAMMAR Overdoing this type of sent
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P A R Y F I V E Style A sentence or
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Ann's Conscience, which up till thi
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STYLE • Question marks and exclam
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STYLE In some cases, if a person or
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STYLE with a consonant sound, prece
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ALLCAPSANDSMALLCAPS STYLE If your w
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Italics Italic type serves to make
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Come the crucial seventh, the Filmm
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use, to take them down into the mar
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STYLE all. If you are expected to u
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STYLE woman with a pretty figure ..
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STYLE PASSIVE: The letter received
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STYLE car is traded in every jour y
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STYLE not unintentionally distract
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STYLE BETIER: The following are sug
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STYLE Would any writer describe a p
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STYLE Many modern readers would not
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STYLE The clinician can play an imp
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STYLE Obviously you cannot use this
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Writing With Finesse BEN . ... But
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STYLE ensure randorrmess), and calc
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inwardleaning heads, smoking steadi
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STYLE behind altering them can be d
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STYLE of these types of help while
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STYLE First paragraph: Introductory
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STYLE all situations. Therefore, re
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STYLE tation. Although it is prefer
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STYLE the accent phonetically at al
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During my first tournament, my moth
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STYLE jump out at you: illogical co
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sentence with, 262-263; subordinati
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ending in y, 43-44, 197, 199-200; o
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