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Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT<br />

SPECIAL SITUATIONS<br />

Even armed with the above rules, writers often feel they are on<br />

shaky ground in certain circumstances. In some cases there are<br />

genuine exceptions <strong>to</strong> the rules; in others, people mistakenly think<br />

that something is an exception, and so fail <strong>to</strong> follow a rule when it<br />

should apply. <strong>The</strong>se problem areas are described below.<br />

SIBILANTS<br />

Writers are often unsure how <strong>to</strong> deal with the possessives of nouns<br />

ending in s or another sibilant sound ( ce, x, z), or in a silent s. <strong>The</strong><br />

answer is, in most cases treat such words exactly as you would any<br />

other. Thus, <strong>to</strong> form the possessive of the singular, add apostrophe<br />

s; <strong>to</strong> form the possessive of the plural, add es <strong>to</strong> the singular <strong>to</strong><br />

make it a plural, and then add an apostrophe.<br />

Ms. jones's property<br />

Mr. Harris's s<strong>to</strong>re<br />

the actress's contract<br />

the box's contents<br />

the quiz's answers<br />

the joneses' property<br />

the Harrises' s<strong>to</strong>re<br />

the actresses' contracts<br />

the boxes' contents<br />

the quizzes' answers<br />

However, if it would sound awkward <strong>to</strong> have two s's next <strong>to</strong> each<br />

other (one belonging <strong>to</strong> the word itself and another added <strong>to</strong> make<br />

the word possessive), you may consider dropping the second one.<br />

A sensible way of deciding which way <strong>to</strong> go is <strong>to</strong> say the word aloud,<br />

spontaneously. If it feels natural <strong>to</strong> pronounce the seconds, include<br />

it; otherwise, drop it. Many authorities would consider either of the<br />

following acceptable:<br />

Dickens's novels<br />

Lloyd Bridges's films<br />

Mr. Williams's dog<br />

the Riverses' car<br />

Dickens' novels<br />

Lloyd Bridges' films<br />

Mr. Williams' dog<br />

the Rivers' car<br />

If you're not sure which way <strong>to</strong> go, it's usually best <strong>to</strong> include<br />

the extras, since technically it is correct. <strong>The</strong>re is really no excuse for<br />

creating constructions such as Charles' wife or the Ferris' house.<br />

In a few cases (very few, mind you), convention dictates that the<br />

possessive s must be dropped.<br />

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