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Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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2-Em ( ) and<br />

3-Em Dashes(--)<br />

A 2-em dash is used <strong>to</strong> indicate missing letters within a word. In<br />

fiction, the device of dropping letters <strong>to</strong> disguise names or <strong>to</strong> sanitize<br />

vulgarities or profanities was once more commonly employed than<br />

it is <strong>to</strong>day.<br />

'If j.E. who advertised in the --shire Herald of last Thursday, pos­<br />

sesses the acquirements mentioned; and if she is in a position <strong>to</strong> give<br />

satisfac<strong>to</strong>ry references as <strong>to</strong> character and competency; a situation can<br />

be offered her where there is but one pupil, a little girl, under ten<br />

years of age; and where the salary is thirty pounds per annum. j.E. is<br />

requested <strong>to</strong> send references, name, and address, and all particulars<br />

<strong>to</strong> the direction: "Mrs Fairfax, Thornfield, near Millcote, --shire." '<br />

-CHARLOTTE BRONTE, jane Eyre<br />

Matters were thus res<strong>to</strong>red <strong>to</strong> a perfect calm, at which the serjeant,<br />

tho' it may seem so contrary <strong>to</strong> the principles of his profession, testified<br />

his approbation. 'Why now, that's friendly,' said he; 'D--n me, I<br />

hate <strong>to</strong> see two people bear ill-will <strong>to</strong> one another, after they have<br />

had a tussel. <strong>The</strong> only way when friends quarrel, is <strong>to</strong> see it out fairly<br />

in a friendly manner, as a man may call it, either with fist, or sword,<br />

or pis<strong>to</strong>l, according as they like, and then let it be all over: for my own<br />

part, d--n me if ever I love my friend better than when I am fighting<br />

with him. To bear malice is more like a Frenchman than an Englishman.'<br />

-HENRY FIELDING, Tom jones<br />

Such uses now appear rather archaic. One does occasionally see<br />

2-em dashes being used <strong>to</strong> tame certain words deemed unfit for<br />

family newspapers, if the reporter feels obliged <strong>to</strong> include them in<br />

164

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