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Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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PUNCTUATION<br />

This sentence is fine if what's meant is legislation that applies <strong>to</strong><br />

all drivers. However, what if it is legislation pertaining only <strong>to</strong> people<br />

who have just received their licenses? In that case, the sentence<br />

should appear as: <strong>The</strong> new-driver legislation will take effect next<br />

month.<br />

Similarly,<br />

Ten month old babies were observed in the study.<br />

Did the study look at ten babies, each of whom was one month<br />

old-or at an unspecified number of babies, each of whom was ten<br />

months old? In the absence of hyphens, we can't tell whether ten<br />

is modifying babies or months. This sentence should read either<br />

Ten month-old babies were observed in the study or Ten-monthold<br />

babies were observed in the study.<br />

In other cases, the absence of a hyphen might not render a<br />

sentence ambiguous, but could cause momentary confusion as the<br />

reader started <strong>to</strong> process things one way and then realized that a<br />

word was misinterpreted.<br />

<strong>The</strong> company sponsored events usually attracted a high turnout.<br />

<strong>The</strong> office generated paperwork soon became <strong>to</strong>o much for one<br />

secretary <strong>to</strong> handle.<br />

His girlfriend related problems began <strong>to</strong> take their <strong>to</strong>ll on his work.<br />

Hyphens would make it clear that sponsored, generated and<br />

related are functioning as parts of compound adjectives, not as<br />

verbs.<br />

Exceptions<br />

Hyphens may be considered optional when a compound adjective<br />

consists of words that are quite commonly associated with each<br />

other, so there is little possibility of ambiguity or misinterpretation.<br />

<strong>The</strong> earlier examples of major league player and mad cow disease<br />

could quite properly be written as major-league player and madcow<br />

disease. However, this is more a choice than a necessity, since<br />

omitting the hyphens should not cause any problems for the reader.<br />

In some cases, adding hyphens would be not only unnecessary<br />

but inappropriate. For example, you would not include them in<br />

phrases such as high school student, baby boomer generation or<br />

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