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Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT<br />

imported beef products<br />

bad language rules<br />

s<strong>to</strong>ne carving knife<br />

Here, are the middle words meant <strong>to</strong> be combined with their<br />

predecessors <strong>to</strong> create compound adjectives, or with their successors<br />

<strong>to</strong> create compound nouns? Beef products that are imported,<br />

or domestic products made with imported beef? Bad rules about<br />

language, or rules about bad language? A carving knife made of<br />

s<strong>to</strong>ne, or a knife for carving s<strong>to</strong>ne?<br />

Similarly, it may not always be clear whether an adjective that<br />

comes after another adjective should be combined with the first one<br />

<strong>to</strong> form a compound, or if it is independently modifying the noun<br />

that follows.<br />

green spotted snake<br />

dirty blonde hair<br />

thirty odd guests<br />

A green snake with spots, or a snake with green spots? Hair of a<br />

brown/blonde shade, or blonde hair that needs washing? Somewhere<br />

between thirty and forty guests, or thirty eccentrics?<br />

USE HYPHENS TO LINK THE WORDS OF A COMPOUND<br />

ADJECTIVE THAT PRECEDES A NOUN IF AMBIGUITY<br />

OR UNCERTAINTY MIGHT OTHERWISE RESULT<br />

When two or more words are intended <strong>to</strong> collectively function as a<br />

single adjective, link them with hyphens if they come before the<br />

noun they modify and if there's any possibility of misinterpreting<br />

them. Hyphens make the status of each word immediately clear and<br />

make the sentence easier <strong>to</strong> read overall.<br />

I wouldn't <strong>to</strong>uch that line with a ten-foot pole.<br />

A single 256-byte record allows for 256 single-byte output values.<br />

Come take advantage of this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity <strong>to</strong> buy a set<br />

of silver-plated lint-removal brushes at a not-<strong>to</strong>-be-believed price!<br />

In some cases, as already demonstrated, the absence of a hyphen<br />

could produce misinterpretation or ambiguity.<br />

130<br />

<strong>The</strong> new driver legislation will take effect next month.

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