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Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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PUNCTUATION<br />

reconcile the last sentence with its predecessor: <strong>The</strong> relationship<br />

will have been anticipated.<br />

Consider the next example:<br />

Profiles are text commands that contain commands. You can edit them,<br />

but always keep a backup. If you change them incorrectly, the behavior<br />

of the edi<strong>to</strong>r may be affected.<br />

Profiles are text commands that contain commands. You can edit them,<br />

but always keep a backup: If you change them incorrectly, the behavior<br />

of the edi<strong>to</strong>r may be affected.<br />

In version A, the reader might see the three sentences as three<br />

independent items of information, and fail <strong>to</strong> pick up on the critical<br />

connection between the last two. In version B, the colon alerts the<br />

reader <strong>to</strong> the fact that there is a particular reason for keeping a<br />

backup copy, and that this reason is about <strong>to</strong> be explained.<br />

Similarly,<br />

Voters approved the controversial amendment by an extremely narrow<br />

margin. <strong>The</strong> count was 18,278 in favor and 17,916 against.<br />

Voters approved the controversial amendment by an extremely narrow<br />

margin: 18,278 in favor and 1 7,916 against.<br />

In version A, the reader must expend a bit of extra energy figuring<br />

out that the purpose of the figures given in the second sentence is<br />

<strong>to</strong> illustrate the narrowness of the margin. In version B, the structure<br />

makes this connection instantly obvious.<br />

RECOMMENDATION: USE A COLON TO ADD EMPHASIS<br />

Judicious use of the colon can serve <strong>to</strong> make a point more emphatic.<br />

If your intention is <strong>to</strong> draw a contrast between two elements, this<br />

contrast may come through more forcefully if the elements are<br />

in immediate juxtaposition, rather than being placed in different<br />

sentences or separated by intervening text.<br />

Compare the two passages below:<br />

<strong>The</strong> next witness testified that she had been fired from her job as a line<br />

supervisor. Her offense was that she had tried <strong>to</strong> organize the fac<strong>to</strong>ry's<br />

200 workers, who earned an average of $90 a week.<br />

101

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