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Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT<br />

PUT A COMMA BETWEEN TWO ADJECTIVES THAT PRECEDE A<br />

NOUN, PROVIDED THOSE ADJECTIVES ARE OF EQUAL WEIGHT<br />

In most cases, commas are needed only when you have at least<br />

three items in a series: You wouldn't use them for just two. For<br />

example, you wouldn't put a comma in Arnold crafted his reply<br />

slowly and meticulously or Teachers need hours outside of class<br />

time <strong>to</strong> plan new curricula and meet with parents. You do,<br />

however, need <strong>to</strong> separate two items when those items are adjectives<br />

modifying a noun.<br />

Her bold, innovative rhythms had the audience swaying <strong>to</strong> the beat.<br />

<strong>The</strong> relaxed, laid-back atmosphere was a pleasant change.<br />

<strong>The</strong> door opened with a grating, creaking sound.<br />

A grumpy, tired-looking waiter <strong>to</strong>ok our order.<br />

This rule holds only if the adjectives are of equal weight, meaning<br />

that they both modify the noun equally. To determine whether<br />

they do, use this test: Would the sentence still "sound right" if you<br />

reversed the adjectives, or if you put the word and between them?<br />

For example, you could say innovative, bold rhythms or bold and<br />

innovative rhythms; a tired-looking, grumpy waiter or a grumpy<br />

and tired-looking waiter.<br />

In contrast, consider the adjectives in the following sentences:<br />

He went in for a routine physical checkup.<br />

A purple-clad French skater was next on the ice.<br />

In my opinion, he's a long-winded, pretentious, pompous old bore.<br />

You wouldn't say a physical routine checkup or a routine and<br />

physical checkup; a French purple-clad skater or a purple-clad<br />

and French skater; an old pompous bore or a pompous and old<br />

bore. In all these cases, the second adjective effectively forms a unit<br />

with the noun: a physical checkup, a French skater, an old bore.<br />

Accordingly, the adjective that precedes this unit is treated as if it<br />

were the only one: that is, no comma. (In the last example, the first<br />

two adjectives, of course, take commas because of the three-ormore<br />

rule.)<br />

Also, do not include a comma between two adjectives if the first<br />

adjective is modifying not the noun but the other adjective. For<br />

example:<br />

82

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